传统儒家“乡愿”人格的道德风险与德育纠偏

Moral Hazard and Moral Education Rectification of Traditional Confucian"Xiang Yuan"Personality

孔子首次提出“乡愿”的概论,并以“德之贼”的人格形象出现。传统儒家一直警惕、批判、矫正“乡愿”人格,正是因为“乡愿”消解了人的独立性和真诚性,趋向于形成讨好型人格和表演型人格,同时“乡愿”人格的出现也会破坏社会的道德环境。传统儒家“乡愿”人格纠偏的德育路径展现出“诚—信—敬—耻”的基本线索,遵循着“立身—处世—治世”的实践理路,注重道德真诚,突出现实关照。

Confucius first proposed the concept of"Xiang Yuan",which appeared as a personality image of"virtuous thief".Traditional Confucianism was vigilant,critical,and corrective of the"Xiang Yuan"personality,which was precisely the result of dispelling personality independence and sincerity,tending towards a pleasing and performing personality,while also damaging the moral environment of society.The moral education path of correcting the personality deviation of the traditional Confucian"Xiang Yuan"shows the basic clue of"honesty-trust-respect-shame",following the practical path of"standing up-dealing with the world-governing the world",emphasizing moral sincerity and highlighting practical care.