专项护理干预在预防颈椎前路术后患者吞咽障碍中的应用

Application effects of dysphagia nursing intervention program in the prevention of dysphagia in patients after anterior cervical spine surgery

目的 探讨专项护理干预在预防颈椎前路术后患者吞咽障碍中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年6月高淳人民医院颈椎前路术后患者60例为研究对象,应用随机数字表将患者分为观察组30例及对照组30例。对照组术后行常规护理,观察组术后实施专项护理干预,对比两组患者干预前后标准吞咽功能评定量表(SSA)评分、洼田饮水试验(WST)、吞咽疼痛发生率、吞咽障碍发生率、术后舒适度评分及患者满意度。结果 干预后,观察组患者吞咽疼痛发生率、吞咽障碍发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察组患者满意率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者WST评级、SSA评分较对照组显著下降(均P<0.05);观察组患者舒适性评分高于对照组,吞咽障碍持续时间短于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 专项护理干预能有效改善颈椎前路术后患者吞咽功能,有效预防吞咽障碍,提高患者术后舒适性,提高患者满意度。

Objective To explore the application effects of dysphagia nursing intervention program in the prevention of dysphagia in patients after anterior cervical spine surgery.Methods 60 patients after anterior cervical spine surgery were selected as the research objects from January 2019 to June 2022 in Gaochun Peoples Hospital.The patients were divided into observation group(n=30)and control group(n=30)by random number table.The control group were received with routine nursing after operation,and observation group was received with dysphagia specialized nursing intervention program after operation.The scores of Standard Swallowing Function Assessment Scale(SSA),Kubota Water Test(WST),the incidences of dysphagia,and the rate of swallowing incidence of handicap,postoperative comfort score,and patient satisfaction of two groups before and after intervention.Results The incidences of swallowing pain and dysphagia of observation group were lower than control group(P<0.05),while the satisfaction rate of observation group was higher than control group(P<0.05).The WST ratings of observation group were significantly lower than control group after intervention(P<005).The SSA scores of observation group was significantly lower than control group after intervention(P<005),and the comfort score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions The specialized nursing intervention program for dysphagia could effectively improve the swallowing function of patients after anterior cervical spine surgery,effectively prevent dysphagia,improve postoperative comfort,and improve patient satisfaction.