径向梯度三周期极小曲面骨小梁支架结构设计与力学性能分析

Structural design and mechanical property analysis of trabecular scaffold of triply periodic minimal surface with a radial gradient

背景:传统骨植入物的弹性模量较大,与人体骨弹性模量不匹配,会引起应力遮挡效应,从而导致骨吸收。径向梯度三周期极小曲面骨小梁支架具有与人体松质骨匹配的弹性模量,且屈服强度大于人体皮质骨屈服强度,为骨支架设计提供了一种新的选择。目的:通过隐式曲面法构建径向梯度三周期极小曲面结构,采用激光选区熔化技术制备样件,进行准静态压缩实验,得到力学性能与人体骨骼匹配的骨小梁支架。方法:通过隐式曲面法,建立G型、Ⅰ型、P型和D型4种径向梯度三周期极小曲面骨小梁支架;采用激光选区熔化技术制备样件,观测成型样件的表面形貌,评估成型质量,进行准静态压缩实验,评估样件的力学性能。结果与结论:准静态压缩实验结果表明,对比4种径向梯度三周期极小曲面支架,G支架平台应力波动小,没有出现失效断裂,塑性最好;对45%,55%和65%3种孔隙率G支架的力学性能进行分析,发现55%孔隙率G支架的弹性模量在人体松质骨的弹性模量范围内(0.022-3.7 GPa),屈服强度接近人体皮质骨最大屈服强度(187.7-222.3 MPa)。结果显示,55%孔隙率的G型径向梯度三周期极小曲面骨小梁支架能够降低应力遮挡效应,承受较高人体载荷,提高植入物的稳定性,延长植入物的使用寿命。

BACKGROUND:The elastic modulus of traditional bone implants is large and does not match the elastic modulus of human bone,which will cause a stress shielding effect and lead to bone resorption.The trabecular scaffold of the triply periodic minimal surface with radial gradient has elastic modulus matching with human cancellous bone,and its yield strength is greater than that of human cortical bone,which provides a new choice for the design of bone scaffold.OBJECTIVE:Triply periodic minimal surface structure with radial gradient was constructed by the implicit surface method.The sample was manufactured by laser selective melting technology,and the quasi-static compression test was carried out to obtain trabecular scaffolds with mechanical properties matching human bones.METHODS:Four types of the trabecular scaffolds of the triply periodic minimal surface with a radial gradient of G,I,P and D were established by the implicit surface method.Samples were manufactured by laser selective melting technology.We observed the surface morphology of the molded sample,evaluated the molding quality,conducted a quasi-static compression test,and evaluated the mechanical properties of the samples.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The quasi-static compression test results showed that compared with the four triply periodic minimal surface scaffolds,the platform stress of the G scaffold had less fluctuation and no failure or fracture,indicating that the G scaffold had the best plasticity.The mechanical properties of the G scaffolds with 45%,55%and 65%porosities were analyzed.It was found that the elastic modulus of G scaffolds with 55%porosity was within the range of elastic modulus of human cancellous bone(0.022-3.7 GPa),and the yield strength was close to the maximum yield strength of human cortical bone(187.7-222.3 MPa).In conclusion,G triply periodic minimal surface scaffold with 55%porosity can reduce the stress shielding effect,bear a higher body load,improve the stability of the implant,and prolong the service life of the implant.