土壤强还原处理对连作白菜根肿病的防治效果研究

Study on the control effect of reductive soil disinfestation on clubroot disease of continuous cropping Chinese cabbage

探究强还原土壤处理(RSD)对设施白菜连作土壤障碍因子的消减作用,为丰富绿色有效、环境友好的十字花科作物根肿病防治策略提供理论依据。设置土壤不作任何处理(CK1),土壤仅淹水并覆膜(CK2),添加沼液的RSD处理(向土壤中添加沼液至最大田间持水量并覆膜,BS),添加豆糠的RSD处理(向土壤中均匀添加20 t/hm^(2)的豆糠后灌溉至最大田间持水量并覆膜,SS_RSD),生物炭修复(向土壤中均匀添加5 t/hm^(2)生物炭后灌溉至最大田间持水量并覆膜,BC),棉隆熏蒸(向土壤中均匀添加0.5 t/hm^(2)棉隆,灌溉至最大田间持水量的60%~70%并覆膜,DZ),并比较各处理对白菜根肿病发病率、产量、连作土壤理化性质和酶活性的变化。连续两茬试验结果表明,与CK1处理相比,CK2和DZ处理后,产量分别提高1.71%~2.71%和18.74%~25.51%,发病率分别降低15.32%~18.33%和53.33%~73.65%;BS和BC处理后,发病率分别下降21.32%~45.00%和35.00%~35.99%,产量分别增加13.19%~15.07%和14.26%~19.90%;SS_RSD对白菜根肿病防治效果达76.89%~79.31%,使白菜根肿病发病率显著降低60.00%~66.99%,产量显著增加24.25%~27.96%,且提高了土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量和土壤脲酶、磷酸酶活性。因此,RSD是一种具有快速消减设施白菜连作障碍,实现设施土壤资源健康高效利用的有效措施。

The purpose of this study was to explore the reduction effect of reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)on soil barrier factors in continuous cropping of Chinese cabbage,and provide a theoretical basis for enriching green,effective and environmentally friendly control strategies of cruciferous crops.Six treatments were set up,including blank soil without any treatment(CK1),soil only flooded and covered by film(CK2),adding biogas slurry RSD treatment(adding biogas slurry to the soil to the maximum field capacity and film,BS),adding soybean bran RSD treatment(adding 20 t/hm^(2) soybean bran evenly to the soil after irrigation to the maximum field capacity and film,SS_RSD),biochar repair(5 t/hm^(2) biochar was evenly added to the soil and then irrigated to the maximum field water holding capacity and coated film,BC),cotton dragon fumigation(adding 0.5 t/hm^(2) cotton dragon evenly to the soil,irrigation to 60%~70%of the maximum field capacity and film,DZ),and the changes of incidence,yield,soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of cabbage clubroot under different treatments were compared.The results of two consecutive trials showed that,compared with CK1 treatment,the yields of CK2 and DZ treatments increased by 1.71%~2.71%and 18.74%~25.51%,respectively,and the incidence rates decreased by 15.32%~18.33%and 53.33%~73.65%,respectively.The incidence of BS and BC treatment decreased by 21.32%~45.00%and 35.00%~35.99%,respectively,and the yield increased by 13.19%~15.07%and 14.26%~19.90%,respectively,compared with CK1.The control effect of SS_RSD on cabbage clubroot reached 76.89%~79.31%,which reduced the incidence of cabbage clubroot by 60.00%~66.99%,and increased the yield by 24.25%~27.96%.Moreover,SS_RSD increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and soil urease and phosphatase activities.Therefore,RSD is an effective measure to rapidly reduce the continuous cropping obstacles of Chinese cabbage and realize the healthy and efficient utilization of soil resources in facilities.