不同处理方式食用菌菌渣微生物多样性鉴定及其环境因子关联分析

Identification of microbial diversity and correlation analysis of environmental factors of edible fungi residue with different treatment methods

为明确不同状态菌渣化学特性与生物学特性,利用宏基因组16S rDNA测序技术,通过Alpha多样性分析、费舍尔精确检验和Spearman相关性热图,对废弃菌渣、堆肥后菌渣及轻简化处理菌渣3种不同处理状态的菌渣开展微生物多样性、养分特性研究及其环境因子的关联分析。结果表明:废弃菌渣(M1)、堆肥后菌渣(M2)及轻简化处理菌渣(M3)的微生物多样性丰度存在较大差异,3种物料微生物属水平上物种相对丰度达到了差异显著性水平(P<0.001),其中以M3的微生物(细菌、真菌)丰度最高,表现为M1<M2<M3;M3菌渣经轻简化处理后既保留了原有堆肥的微生物种类,提高了其他微生物的丰度和基础养分含量,又达到了无害化标准。菌渣细菌、真菌属水平群落同时受到物料养分含量的影响,不同的细菌、真菌属类受菌渣特性影响的情况存在差异,多种属类与部分环境因子存在相关性,且均是极显著性相关(P<0.001)。因此,从微生物丰度、养分含量及有无毒害作用来看,轻简化处理菌渣具备还田的优势。

In order to clarify the chemical and biological characteristics of fungus residues in different states,the microbial diversity,nutrient characteristics and the correlation analysis of environmental factors were carried out on the waste fungus residue,post-composting fungus residue and lightly simplified treatment fungus residue,using metagomic 16S rDNA sequencing technology,Alpha diversity analysis,Fisher’s accurate test and Spearman correlation Heatmap.The results showed that the abundance of microbial diversity of waste residue(M1),composted residue(M2)and lightly simplified treatment residue(M3)was significantly different,and the relative abundance of species at the microbial genus level of the three materials reached a significant difference(P<0.001).The abundance of microorganisms(bacteria and fungi)in M3 was the highest,which ranked as M1<M2<M3.M3 fungus residue not only retained the original compost microbial species,but also improved the abundance and basic nutrient content of other microorganisms,and reached the harmless standard.The communities of bacteria and fungi genera were also affected by nutrient content of materials,and different bacteria and fungi genera had different responses to the different characteristics of fungus residues.Various genera were correlated with some environmental factors,and the correlation was extremely significant(P<0.001).Therefore,from the perspective of microbial abundance,nutrient content and non-toxic effect,M3 has the advantage of returning to the field after lightly simplified treatment.