西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物地理分布特征

Geographical distribution pattern of deep-sea benthic polychaetes in the western Pacific

深海多毛类环节动物的多样性与地理分布格局是深海生物多样性研究关注的焦点问题之一。基于海洋生物地理信息系统(Ocean Biogeographic Information System,OBIS)数据库中的公开数据分析了西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物的多样性与地理分布格局。多毛类数据多分布于靠近临海国的海沟、海山等显著地貌区,共记录到51个科318个物种,其中,多鳞虫科是物种多样性最高的科,且具有最大的深度分布范围。深海底栖多毛类物种数量随着水深增加而下降,但在2500~3000 m水深处以及4000~4500 m水深处略增多。分析显示深海底栖多毛类的特有性水平较高,在热液口环境,形成了以热液口特有种为特征的底栖多毛类动物区系。西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物分布可划分为4类生物地理区:日本海生物地理区域、以相模湾为代表的靠近大陆的生物地理区域、以深海热液口为典型特征的生物地理区域(冲绳海槽、马努斯盆地、斐济海盆区)以及以深海海沟、平原(日本海槽-千岛-堪察加海沟区、澳大利亚东侧区、新西兰区)为特征的生物地理区域。

The diversity and geographical distribution pattern of deep-sea polychaete animals have been a research focus of deep-sea biodiversity science.Data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System(OBIS)were used to analyze the characters of deep-sea benthic polychaetes diversity and distribution in the western Pacific.The results show that the collection data mainly distributed in the distinctive geographic units(e.g.seamounts and trench)near coastal countries.A total of 318 species from 51 families were recorded in the study area.Polynoidae has the highest species diversity and the largest depth distribution.The number of species decreases with depth,but increases at 2500-3000 m and 4000-4500 m.The deep-sea polychaetes exhibit high levels of endemism.Many species are endemic to hydrothermal vents.For deep-sea benthic polychaetes in the western Pacific,four biogeographical areas are recognized:Sea of Japan,biogeographic area near the continent represented by Sagami Bay,region characterized by hydrothermal vents(Okinawa Trough,Manus Basin,Fiji Basin)and regions characterized by trenches or plains(Japan Trench,Kuril-Kamchatka Trench,eastern Australia and New Zealand area).