碳基纳米材料在聚合物阻燃中的研究进展

Research Progress of Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Flame Retardant Polymers

碳基纳米材料制备工艺简单、无烟无毒、绿色环保,并且纳米粒子具有表面效应、小尺寸效应等特点,可使复合材料拥有优异的阻燃性能及良好的力学性能,这使其成为当前阻燃材料的研究热点。碳基纳米材料大多可以在自然界中取用,有着环保、价格低廉的独特优势,且碳基纳米材料可以在燃烧时依靠自身形成连续致密炭层,阻隔烟气释放,减少热量传递,被广泛应用于阻燃领域。其中二维碳基纳米材料石墨烯可以在基体材料燃烧过程中迅速碳化,阻燃效果最为明显,在阻燃领域的应用也最为普遍。以二维纳米碳材料石墨烯为主,对近年来碳基纳米材料在阻燃方面的特点及研究现状和发展趋势进行分析综述,可为新型碳纳米阻燃材料的研发提供一定的参考。

The preparation process of carbon-based nanomaterials is simple,smokeless and non-toxic,green and environmental protecting,and nano particles have the characteristics of surface effect,small size effect and so on,which can make the composites have excellent flame retardant properties and good mechanical properties,making them become the current flame retardant materials research hotspot.Carbon-based nanomaterials can mostly be taken from nature with the unique advantages of environmental protection and low price.Carbon-based nanomaterials can rely on their own to form a continuous dense carbon layer when burning,blocking flue gas release and reducing heat transfer,which makes them widely used in the field of flame retardance.Among them,two-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial graphene can carbonize rapidly in the combustion process of matrix materials,and the flame retardant effect is the most obvious,and its application in the flame retardance field is also the most common.The characteristics,research status and development trend of carbon-based nanomaterials in flame retardance in recent years were analyzed and summarized based on two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials graphene,which could provide a certain reference for the research and development of new carbon nanoflame retardant materials.