纺织品结构对电磁屏蔽性能的影响研究进展

Research Progress of Influence of Textile Structure on Electromagnetic Shielding Performance

织物作为柔性电磁屏蔽材料的基材之一,由于其轻薄、良好的表面贴服性和大量的网格化结构被广泛应用。目前,织物电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法主要有:利用物理或化学方法将导电涂料附着于纱线或织物表面;将金属纤维与常规纤维混纺后进行织造或利用金属丝与普通纱线交织。然而,简单的织物结构不能充分发挥材料的电磁屏蔽性能。对电磁屏蔽纱线和织物结构及其电磁屏蔽性能的研究现状进行了总结和展望,认为电磁屏蔽纺织品结构的创新应用还不完善,电磁屏蔽纺织品结构应多样化,如导电纱线中金属丝可以从顺直状态转变为螺旋状或圆弧状等,织物可以从二维到三维,单层到多层,丰富结构在提升电磁屏蔽性能的同时,也要综合考虑服用性能。

As one of the substrates of flexible electromagnetic shielding materials,fabrics are widely used due to their thinness,good surface adhesion and a large number of grid structures.At present,the preparation methods of fabric electromagnetic shielding materials mainly include:one is using physical or chemical methods to attach conductive coatings to the surface of yarns or fabrics,the other is that metal fibers are blended spun with conventional fibers to weave or the metal wires are interwoven with ordinary yarns.However,simple fabric structures cannot give full play to the electromagnetic shielding properties of materials.The research status of electromagnetic shielding yarn and fabric structure and its electromagnetic shielding properties were summarized and prospected.It was believed that the innovative application of electromagnetic shielding textile structure was not perfect,and the structure of electromagnetic shielding textiles should be diversified,for instance,the wire in the conductive yarn could be changed from a straight state to a spiral or arc state,the fabric could be transformed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional and single layer to multi-layer.The structure was enriched to improve the electromagnetic shielding properties,at the same time,the comprehensive wearability should also be taken into consideration.