新疆硫磺沟煤火治理区地表热异常遥感监测研究

Research on the remote sensing monitoring of surface thermal anomaly in Liuhuanggou coal fire control area in Xinjiang

为研究新疆硫磺沟煤田火区热场演化过程和治理效果,利用热红外遥感技术进行监测研究。将火区划分为万家窑、浅水河、卡拉扎3个火区块段,监测期限分为煤火燃烧期、煤火复燃风险期、煤火治理现状期3个阶段,利用单窗算法反演各阶段多期地表温度,采用离散度识别火区热异常,分析煤火空间分布格局演化过程,并对探测结果进行验证。结果表明,在2000年治理前,3个火区块段的热异常面积为467.82万m 2,2004年第一轮灭火工程治理后,热异常面积大幅减少至29.34万m 2;随后由于矿山违规开采,2018年热异常面积增加至712.74万m 2,经过第二轮灭火工程治理,2021年的热异常面积减少至16.57万m 2。经实地调查,排除烧变岩干扰影响,煤火治理现状期地表热异常与实地情况相符,浅水河火区块段仍然存在自燃现象,卡拉扎、万家窑火区块段的煤火自燃现象基本消除,治理区地表景观和生态环境大幅改善。

In order to study the thermal field evolution process and control effect of the fire area in Liuhuanggou coalfield in Xinjiang,the thermal infrared remote sensing technology was used for monitoring and studying,and the fire area was divided into three parts:Wanjiayao,Qianshuihe and Kalazha,and the monitoring period was divided into three stages:coal fire combustion period,coal fire reignition risk period and coal fire control status period,the single window algorithm was used to retrieve the multi-period surface temperature at each stage,and the dispersion was used to identify the thermal anomaly in the fire area,and on the basis,the evolution process of the spatial distribution pattern of coal fire was analyzed and the detecting results were verified.The results showed that the area of thermal anomaly of three fire area sections was 4.6782 million square meters before the treatment in 2000,and reduced to 0.2934 million square meters after the first round of fire extinguishing engineering management;subsequently,due to illegal mining,the area of thermal anomaly increased to 7.1274 million square meters in 2018,and reduced to 0.1657 million square meters after the second round of fire extinguishing engineering management in 2021.According to the field survey,the surface thermal anomaly during the coal fire control status period is consistent with the field situation,there is still spontaneous combustion in the Qianshuihe fire area section,and the spontaneous combustion in the Kalazha and Wanjiayao fire area sections is basically eliminated,the surface landscape and ecological environment of the governance area have improved significantly.