医用小型猪选育方法和应用进展

Breeding Methods and Application Progress of Medical Miniature Pigs

模式动物广泛应用于人类疾病研究中。随着人类医学研究的深入,啮齿动物、犬、猴等经典模式动物不能完全满足科学研究的需要,而小型猪逐渐成为现有医用模式动物的有效补充。本文介绍了小型猪的基本生物学特性(包括解剖学和生理学特点),论述小型猪作为医用模式动物的优势和价值。同时,介绍了国内外18种不同品种小型猪的主要特征、产地、选育方式、应用进展等情况。此外,本文也回顾分析了目前以小型猪作为模式动物,在心血管、代谢、异种移植等领域的应用现状,以期为中国小型猪的种质资源保护、开发为医用模式动物提供参考,进而助力人类疾病研究。

Model animals are widely used in human diseases research.With the development of research on this field,classical model animals,such as rodents,dogs,monkeys,can not meet the requirements for human medical research,then miniature pigs have gradually been recognized as an effective supplement to medical model animals.This review introduces the basic biological characteristics of miniature pigs,including anatomical and physiological characteristics,and discusses the advantages of them as medical model animals.Moreover,the main characteristics,origins,breeding methods,and application progress of 18 different breeds of miniature pigs,both in domestic and abroad,are introduced.In addition,this paper also reviews the current research and application situation of miniature pigs as model animals in the fields such as cardiovascular diseases,metabolism,xenotransplantation,and so on.This review is expected to provide reference for the conservation,development and utilization of the miniature pigs’germplasm resources in China,to benefit for the further research on human diseases.