参与调节哺乳动物精子运动的离子通道研究进展

Advances in Ion Channels Involved in the Regulation of Mammalian Sperm Motility

精子运动能力是精子完成自然受精、实现自然条件下精子-卵母细胞融合的必要条件。精子从雄性附睾经生殖道进入雌性生殖道的过程中,其运动形式可以在很短的时间内根据环境的变化而做出改变,表明精子膜蛋白(离子通道)参与精子运动的调节,离子通道的正常表达和受精过程密切相关。目前研究发现Ca^(2+)、K^(+)、Na^(+)等离子通道均参与精子膜极化、运动、获能和顶体反应等生理过程,且通过膜片钳和电生理学等技术初步了解精子离子通道的作用分子机制和拓扑结构。本文就参与调节精子运动的Ca^(2+)、pH、电压门控Na^(+)、K^(+)、Cl^(-)通道的生理功能和拓扑结构进行了总结,期望能为精子离子通道的调节机制和功能研究提供全面的信息,促进动物生殖生物学的发展。

Sperm motility is a necessary condition for natural fertilization and achieving sperm-oocyte fusion under natural conditions.Sperm exhibit different motility patterns during the passage from the male epididymis to the female reproductive tract,which could be altered within a short period of time depending on changes in the environment,demonstrating that the sperm membrane proteins(ion channels)are involved in the regulation of sperm motility,and the normal expression of ion channels is closely related to the process of fertilization.Current studies have found that Ca^(2+),K^(+)and Na^(+)plasma channels are involved in physiological processes such as sperm membrane polarization,movement,capacitation and acrosomal reaction.The molecular mechanism and topological structure of sperm ion channels are preliminary understood through patch clamp and electrophysiology techniques.The physiological functions and topological structures of Ca^(2+),pH,voltage-gated Na^(+),K^(+),Cl^(-)channels involved in the regulation of sperm motility were summarized in this paper,in the hope of providing the comprehensive information on regulating mechanism and function of ion channel research,and promoting the development of animal reproductive biology.