日粮添加乳铁蛋白对断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Lactoferrin on Intestinal Microbial Diversity of Weaned Piglets

旨在研究日粮添加乳铁蛋白对断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响。试验选用断奶滇太仔猪12头,初始体重为(6.12±0.54)kg,随机分为对照组、杆菌肽组和乳铁蛋白组。对照组饲喂基础日粮;杆菌肽组在基础日粮中添加0.5 g·kg^(-1)杆菌肽预混剂;乳铁蛋白组在基础日粮中添加150 mg·kg^(-1)乳铁蛋白,试验期28 d。采集试验第7、21、28天仔猪粪便,通过细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序检测粪便微生物多样性。结果表明,各组断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在门水平上,第7、21、28天肠道优势菌为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,试验第7天时,各组间厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,乳铁蛋白组厚壁菌门相对丰度降低1.43%,拟杆菌门相对丰度增加16.4%;试验第21天时,乳铁蛋白组与其余两组相比,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度无显著差异(P>0.05),但与对照组相比,厚壁菌门相对丰度降低16.4%,拟杆菌门相对丰度增加34.1%。试验第28天时,与对照组相比,乳铁蛋白组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。在属水平上,试验第7、21、28天肠道优势菌为乳杆菌属,且各组间乳杆菌属相对丰度无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验第7天时,与对照组相比,乳铁蛋白组乳杆菌属相对丰度降低了50.21%;试验第21天时,与对照组相比,乳杆菌属相对丰度降低了8.42%。试验第28天时,与对照组相比,乳铁蛋白组乳杆菌属相对丰度降低了16.09%。综上所述,本研究发现,日粮中添加乳铁蛋白不会显著影响滇太断奶仔猪的肠道微生物丰富度与多样性,断奶后7、21、28 d仔猪肠道微生物的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门,优势菌属为乳杆菌属。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of lactoferrin supplementation on gut microbial diversity in weaned piglets.Twelve weaned DianTai piglets with similar initial body weight of(6.12±0.54)kg were randomly divided into Control group,Bacitracin group and Lactoferrin group.Piglets in Control group were fed with basal diet,Bacitracin group was added with 0.5 g·kg^(-1) bacitracin premix in the basal diet,while Lactoferrin group was supplemented with 150 mg·kg^(-1) lactoferrin in the basal diet.The experimental period was 28 days.Fecal samples were collected on days 7,21 and 28,and fecal microbial diversity was detected by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The results showed that there was no significant difference in intestinal microbial diversity of weaned piglets(P>0.05).At the phylum level,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant phylum on days 7,21 and 28.At 7th day,there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes among all groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in lactoferrin group decreased by 1.43% and that of Bacteroidetes increased by 16.4%.On day 21,compared with Control and Bacitracin groups,there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in Lactoferrin group(P>0.05).Compared with Control group,the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased by 16.4% and that of Bacteroidetes increased by 34.1% in Lactoferrin group.On the 28th day of the experiment,compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in Lactoferrin group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).At the genus level,Lactobacillus was the dominant genus on days 7,21 and 28,and there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus among all groups(P>0.05).On day 7 of the experiment,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in Lactoferrin group was reduced by 50.21% compared with the Control group.On day 21,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was 8.42% lower than that of the Control group.On day 28,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the Lactoferrin group was 16.09% lower than that in the Control group.In conclusion,in this study,it was found that dietary lactoferrin supplementation did not significantly affect the intestinal microbial richness and diversity of weaned DianTai piglets.The dominant phylum in intestinal microbial flora of piglets at 7,21 and 28 d after weaning were Firmicutes and Bacteroides,and the dominant genus was Lactobacillus.