论数据要素市场参与者的培育

On the Cultivation of Data Factor Market Participants

市场参与者动机匮乏构成数据要素有效供给不足、场内交易市场活跃度低的微观原因,运用“动机-能力”理论框架解析数据要素市场“参与难”问题,特别指出并非所有企业都具备成为数据要素提供者的能力条件。从市场供给侧培育的角度,提出“数据要素型企业”概念,将其定义为“数据要素市场中直接参与数据资源要素化的企业”。数据要素型企业应在数据要素生态中参与数据生产的链条,链条的最终产物是数据要素产品,其并不特指某一类型的数据商,而是强调以数据要素产品为产出的业务能力。扶植数据要素型企业可参照以“硬科技”企业为代表的高新技术企业的培育模式,同时需要结合数据价值链、数据资产的特征。基于全局视角对作为主要生产者的数据要素型企业、作为需求者的数字化转型背景下的各行业企业以及各类专业服务机构提出了系统性的、激励相容的培育方案。面向各类市场参与者,从政策设计角度提出生态互联、资质认定、财金联动、应用激发四个方面的培育机制。

Insufficient effective supply of the data factor and insufficient motivation of market participants are the main reasons for the inactivity of China’s data factor market,and there are practical problems that need to be solved in data factor markets.Much of the existing research is based on the elucidation of difficult issues such as ownership and pricing caused by the new characteristics of data,or demonstrates from a macro perspective around the top-level design,the logic of value,and organizational structure of the data factor market.However,there is insufficient research on the market role,participation motivation and cultivation mechanism of enterprises at the micro level.This paper draws on the framework of“motivation-ability”in the field of electronic market to analyze the theoretical factors behind the problem of“difficult participation”in the data factor market.We found that not all enterprises can serve as data factor providers in market transactions.In view of transaction efficiency and compliance considerations,companies are unwilling or afraid to enter the market;and the more fundamental reason is that companies lack R&D technology for data factor products,or do not have the ability to accurately enter the relevant market to convert technological advantages into commercial advantages ability.From the perspective of market supply-side cultivation,this paper proposes the concept of“data factor enterprises”,which is defined as“enterprises directly involved in the factorization of data resources in the data factor market”.Data factor enterprises should participate in the chain of data production in the data ecosystem,and the final product of the chain is the data factor product.The term we proposed do not specifically refer to a certain type of data market participant,but emphasize business capabilities that use data element products as output.The support of data factor enterprises can refer to the cultivation model of high-tech enterprises represented by“hard&core technology”enterprises,and at the same time need to consider the characteristics of data value chain and data assets.Finally,based on a global perspective,a systematic and incentive-compatible cultivation plan is proposed for data factor enterprises as major producers,enterprises in various industries as demanders under the background of digital transformation,and various professional service organizations.Specifically,four methods are proposed:business ecosystem interconnection,qualification,fiscal and financial support,and demand stimulation.Compared with the previous literature,this paper studies the incentive mechanism of data market participation for the first time from the micro perspective of market participants,and puts forward both a theoretical interpretation and a practice plan for the major issue of“data fundamental system construction”from the perspective of enterprise growth and cultivation.