土壤污染修复中活体功能材料的应用研究进展

Progress in soil remediation with living functional materials

土壤污染是现今重要的环境问题之一,对生态系统和人类健康均造成了不同程度的危害。国内外研究者将各类性能优异的材料和具备修复能力的微生物结合,构建了不同的活体功能材料,对污染的土壤进行修复。活体功能材料兼具活体生物细胞和静态材料的双重特性,具备环境响应性、可自我复制、可编程化和智能化等优势,在污染修复方面有较大的发展潜力。本文着重围绕土壤污染的有机化合物和重金属污染问题,简述了土壤污染修复的物理化学方法以及常见的生物修复方法,重点综述了近年来活体功能材料在有机化合物污染和重金属污染修复方面的研究进展,总结了活体功能材料在土壤污染修复中的应用,并展望了未来的研究方向和前景。

Nowadays,soil pollution is one of the serious environmental concerns,threating both ecosystem and human health.Toxic organic compounds and heavy metals,which are the main sources of soil pollution,can cause chain reactions and result in the loss of soil biodiversity.Numerous living functional materials were utilized for efficient soil bioremediation through the combination of traditional material with living microorganism.Due to the dual characteristics of both living biological system and static material,living functional materials exhibit multiple advantages in the field of bioremediation,including intelligence,environmental responsiveness,self-replication and programmability.Herein we briefly described the two general methods,through either physicochemical or biological approach,for soil remediation.Then,we mainly summarized the applications of living functional materials in the remediation of toxic organic compounds and heavy metals.In the end,we presented the potential application of living functional materials in soil remediation and pointed out some future research directions.