微藻生物固碳技术在“双碳”目标中的应用前景

Application potential of microalgae⁃based CO_(2) sequestration technology in CO_(2) emission peak and carbon neutrality

微藻生长速度快、CO_(2)固定效率高,每生产1 t微藻生物质可固定183 t CO_(2)。同时,微藻还可将固定的CO_(2)转化为油脂、蛋白质、多糖、色素和不饱和脂肪酸等物质,能够实现CO_(2)的高值化利用。因此,微藻生物固碳技术在CO_(2)捕集和利用方面具有极大的发展潜能。本文首先阐述了高效固定CO_(2)藻株的选育、提高微藻生物固定CO_(2)的培养策略、微藻处理烟道气化合物技术、微藻高效培养光生物反应器的开发及新兴技术助力微藻碳减排等内容,再结合现阶段微藻生物固碳技术所面临的挑战,展望了微藻生物固定CO_(2)在“双碳”目标中的应用前景,以期为利用微藻高效固定CO_(2)、高值化利用CO_(2)提供参考,从而加速“双碳”目标的实现。

Microalgae can grow very fast with high CO_(2) fixation rates,resulting in 183 tons of CO_(2)to be sequestrated in each ton of microalgal biomass.More importantly,the fixated CO_(2) in microalgae can be converted into high-value compounds,such as lipids,proteins,polysaccharides,pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids.These characteristics make microalgae-based CO_(2) sequestration technology with a huge application potential in carbon capture and utilization.This review aims to provide an overview of algal strain improvement for effective CO_(2) sequestration,culture strategies for enhanced CO_(2) capture in microalgae,microalgae-based technology for flue gas sequestration,the development of microalgal photobioreactors for effective CO_(2) mitigation and the emerging technologies in microalgal cultivation and CO_(2) utilization.The current bottlenecks and future directions of microalgae-based CO_(2) sequestration technology in achieving CO_(2) emission peak and carbon neutrality are also discussed,to provide technologies for effective CO_(2) sequestration in microalgae and accelerate the industrial development of microalgae-based CO_(2) sequestration.