有机肥和无机肥配施对冬小麦产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on the yield,quality and soil nutrient of winter wheat

为明确阜南县冬小麦生产上最佳有机无机替代比例,本研究通过设置不同有机肥替代化肥比例的田间小区试验,分析了单施化肥优化施肥(OPT)、有机肥替代15.00%化肥(M15)、有机肥替代30.00%化肥(M30)和有机肥替代50.00%化肥(M50)对冬小麦产量、品质和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,①适宜的有机无机配施比例有利于提高冬小麦的产量,冬小麦产量随着有机肥替代比例增加呈先升后降的趋势,各处理以M30最高,通过方程拟合得出在等养分条件下,有机肥替代化肥比例17.26%的冬小麦产量最高,为8679.00 kg/hm^(2)。②有机无机配施较优化施肥均能提高冬小麦品质指标,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、淀粉含量、沉降值和硬度指数分别提高0.83%~4.05%、0.36%~2.72%、0.25%~1.50%、3.11%~3.41%和0.42%~3.82%,均以M30处理最高。③有机无机配施对土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量没有明显影响,土壤有机质则随着有机肥配施比例的增加呈增加趋势,较优化施肥增加3.07%~7.01%,各配施处理间无显著性差异;土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量随着有机肥配施比例的增加呈一定程度的增加,各配施比例间无显著性差异。综合冬小麦产量、品质和土壤养分的结果,本试验条件下,有机肥替代化肥的适宜比例为30.00%。

To determine a suitable proportion of combined application organic and inorganic fertilizers winter wheat in Funan,a field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of combined of different rates of organic fertilizer(0%,15.00%,30.00%and 50.00%)on winter wheat yield,quality and soil nutrients.The results showed that:①the appropriate proportion of organic and inorganic application was beneficial to improve the yield of winter wheat.The yield of winter wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,and the treatment of M30 was the highest.According to the equation fitting,the highest yield was 8679.00 kg/hm2 by the 17.26%organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer.②The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer could improve the quality index of winter wheat,protein content,wet gluten content,starch content,settlement value and hardness index were increased by 0.83%-4.05%,0.36%-2.72%,0.25%-1.50%,3.11%-3.41%and 0.42%-3.82%,respectively.M30 was the highest.③Compared with optimizing fertilization,the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in soil were not significantly affected and the organic matter was increased by 3.07%-7.01%under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.The contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium was no significant difference.Based on the results of yield,quality of winter wheat and soil nutrient contents.The appropriate ratio of organic fertilizer to chemical fertilizer was 30.00%.