断裂带水力特性研究进展

Advances in fault zone hydraulic properties

断裂带作为具有重要水文地质意义的构造现象,往往对地下水运移产生显著影响。考虑断裂带的水文地质作用对于水资源管理和评价具有重要意义。围绕断裂带渗透性,从断裂带渗透性结构及调查方法,断裂带水力特性定量表征,断裂带水力特性的动态演变特征,断裂带地下水流模拟等方面展开论述。断裂带的渗透性是当前断裂带研究的核心,不同的渗透性刻画方法具有不同的代表性尺度。断裂带渗透性具有复杂的时空分布特征,对刻画断裂带的地下水运移造成较大挑战。针对不同目的,选择合适的数值模拟方法是定量刻画断裂带地下水运移的重要途径,也可以对其他方法进行有效的验证。如何在模拟过程中考虑断裂带水力特性在时空尺度上的复杂性是准确刻画断裂带地下水流动的前提。笔者认为建立专门的断裂带水文地质观测基地,综合地质、水文地质、热流、地球物理及遥感数据资料,加强多学科的交叉合作,是进一步提升断裂带地下水研究水平的关键。

[Significance]As a tectonic phenomenon with important hydrogeological significance,fault zones mostly show a significant impact on groundwater migration.[Progress]It is important to include fault zones in water resource management and evaluation.This paper focuses on the permeability of the fault zone,the quantitative characterization and the evolution of the hydraulic characteristics of the fault zone,the dynamic evolution of the hydraulic characteristics of fault zones and the simulation of groundwater flow in the fault zone.The permeability of the fault zone is the key to the current study,and different permeability characterization methods have different representative scales.The permeability of the fault zone has complex spatiotemporal distribution characteristics,which challenges the description of groundwater migration in the fault zone.The selection of appropriate numerical simulation methods is an important way to quantitatively describe the groundwater movement in the fault zone and verify the suitability of the other methods.How to consider the complexity of the hydraulic characteristics of the fault zone at the spatiotemporal scale in the simulation process is the premise of accurately characterizing the groundwater flow in the fault zone.[Conclusions and Prospects]We suggest that a special hydrogeological observation base for the fault zone is the key to further improve the level of fault zone groundwater study,and data from geological,hydrogeological,heat flow,geophysical and remote sensing should be integrated,and interdisciplinary cooperation should be strengthened.