蝴蝶兰杂交F_(1)代的花部性状遗传分析

Genetic Analysis on Floral Traits in the F_(1)Generation of Phalaenopsis Hybrid

以蝴蝶兰“Phal.B”为父本,分别与玫红色系“兰九”“双龙”“光芒四射”和白色系“V 3”等栽培品种进行杂交,对4个杂交组合F_(1)代的花被片颜色、花斑、肉突颜色、中裂片颜色等花部性状进行观察和分析,探究其遗传规律。结果表明,杂交F_(1)代花色、肉突颜色和中裂片颜色均表现出中亲和超亲优势;在花色遗传方面,以“V 3”为母本时,杂交F_(1)代花色分离出白花紫红斑和纯白花2种类型,以玫红色系为母本的3个组合杂交F_(1)代花色分离规律一致,呈梯度分布,分离出了4种类型:深紫红色、紫红花斑、玫红-粉色、白色;杂交F_(1)代中有紫红色和无紫红色分离比都趋近1∶1,推测紫红色可能是由单基因控制的性状,深紫红色花可能是紫红花斑色在花被片上均匀分布及玫红色叠加效应而导致的;在肉突的遗传方面,紫红色肉突、黄底带紫红斑块肉突与花色存在一定的正向相关性,当花被片上呈现紫红色时,肉突颜色会表现出紫红色或者黄底带紫红斑块,且随着花被片上紫红色越深、分布面积越大,紫红色肉突所占比例会增大;在中裂片颜色遗传方面,近紫红色所占比例较少,仅在深紫红色群体中出现,近紫红色中裂片与花色、紫红色肉突都有一定的正向相关性。

The Phalaenopsis cultivar'Phal.B'was as the male and crossed with white color'V 3'and rose color('Lanjiu','Double Dragon'and'Radiant')respectively.The floral traits such as tepal color,floral spots,callus color and mid-lobe color of the F_(1)generation of the four crosses were observed to investigate the inheritance pattern.The results showed that the F_(1)generation of the cross showed mesophilic and hyperphilic dominance in flower color,callus color and mid-lobe color.In terms of flower color inheritance,when'V 3'was used as the female,the F_(1)generation of the cross was segregated into two types of flower color:white with purple-red spots and pure white flowers,and the F_(1)generation of the cross with the three combinations of the rose line as the female had a consistent pattern of flower color segregation with a gradient distribution,segregating into four types:deep purple-red,purple-red flower spots,rose-pink,white.The ratio of fuchsia to non-fuchsia in the F_(1)generation of the cross was close to 1∶1,meaning that the fuchsia might be a trait controlled by a single gene,and the deep fuchsia flowers might be caused by the uniform distribution of the fuchsia patch color on the tepals and the superimposed effect of the fuchsia.In terms of the genetic inheritance of flesh protrusions,there was a positive correlation between the flesh protrusions of purple-red color,yellow-backed purple-red patches and flower color.When the tepals were purple-red,the color of the flesh protrusions would show purple-red or yellow with purple-red patches,and the proportion of purple-red flesh protrusions would increase as the purple-red color on the tepals become deeper and the distribution area become larger.In terms of mid-lobe color inheritance,the proportion of subpurple red was less and only appeared in the dark purple-red population.There was a positive correlation between subpurple red mid-lobes and both flower color and purple-red fleshy protrusions.