温度对大菜粉蝶生长发育的影响

Effects of temperature on growth and development of Pieris brassicae L.

为明确温度对大菜粉蝶生长发育的影响,在16、20、22、25、28和31℃共6个恒温条件下以白菜为寄主进行饲养,测定了温度对大菜粉蝶各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率及成虫寿命等的影响,并采用直接最优法计算其各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明:在16~28℃温度范围内,大菜粉蝶的卵、幼虫、蛹及全世代平均发育速率具有随温度升高而加快的趋势,存活率则随着温度的升高而降低;卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的发育起点温度分别为11.76℃、6.87℃、5.30℃和14.91℃,有效积温分别为38.14、213.90、169.68和43.01 d·℃。在28℃时大菜粉蝶卵的孵化率、各龄幼虫存活率、化蛹率、蛹重及羽化率均显著低于其他温度,31℃条件下不能完成个体发育。由此可见,高温环境不利于大菜粉蝶的存活和生长发育。研究结果可为大菜粉蝶田间发生期预测及综合防治提供科学依据。

To study effects of temperature on the growth and development of Pieris brassicae reared on Brassica rapa var.glabra Regel,the developmental duration,developmental rate,survival rate and adult longevity of P.brassicae were individually investigated at six different temperatures(16,20,22,25,28 and 31℃).The developmental threshold temperatures and effective accumulative temperature were counted by the direct optimization methods.The results showed that within the constant temperature range of 16℃to 28℃,the development rate of various developmental stages increased with the increase of temperature,whereas the survival rate decreased with the increase of temperature.The developmental threshold temperatures of the egg,larva,pupa,and adult were 11.76℃,6.87℃,5.30℃,14.91℃,respectively,and the effective accumulated temperature were 38.14,213.90,169.68,43.01 d·℃,respectively.Hatching rate,survival rate,pupation rate,pupa weight and emergence rate at 28℃were significantly lower than the other temperatures.Development of P.brassicae cannot be completed at 31℃.The results indicated that high temperature is not suitable for the survival and growth of P.brassicae.The results were expected to provide a scientific basis for field prediction and integrated management of P.brassicae.