黄玛草蛉对蚜虫的防治效果及对草莓光合特性与品质的影响

Control effect of Mallada basalis (Walker,1853) on aphids,and its influence on photosynthetic characteristics and quality of strawberry

在“公共植保,绿色植保”的大背景下,合理利用天敌资源,在果蔬生产过程中开展害虫的生物防治,是构建果蔬害虫绿色防控体系的重要一环。本研究探讨了黄玛草蛉Mallada basalis Walker对草莓蚜虫的控制作用,并进一步对比分析了黄玛草蛉和吡虫啉在草莓蚜虫防治中的差异和特点,以及它们对草莓叶片光合作用和果实品质的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,黄玛草蛉和吡虫啉均可以有效地控制蚜虫的种群,其中10%吡虫啉悬浮剂处理具有很好的速效性,施药1 d后,防治效果就高达95.89%,但随着时间推延其防治效果逐渐降低。而黄玛草蛉对蚜虫的控制则具有明显的滞后性,但其防治效果随着时间推延逐渐提高,防治后21 d,按照益害比1∶60投放黄玛草蛉处理的防治效果可以达到89.27%。使用黄玛草蛉和吡虫啉防治蚜虫后,均可以提高草莓叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率和叶绿素相对含量,且在防治后21 d后,按照益害比1∶60投放黄玛草蛉处理的多个光合特性指标均优于其他处理。另外,不同防治处理均可以显著提升草莓果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C含量和固酸比,降低可滴定酸含量,其中按照益害比1∶60投放黄玛草蛉处理的品质最优。综上所述,黄玛草蛉对草莓蚜虫具有较好的防治效果,并可以提高草莓叶片的光合作用能力,改善草莓品质,为今后利用天敌开展草莓蚜虫的绿色防控奠定了基础。

In the context of“Public plant protection,green plant protection”,appropriate utilization of natural enemies in the process of producing fruits and vegetables is a key component build the green control system for fruit and vegetable pests.In this study,we evaluated the capacity of Mallada basalis in control of strawberry aphids.Additionally,the differences and traits of imidacloprid and M.basalis in the control of strawberry aphids,as well as their effects on strawberry leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality,were discussed.The results indicated that imidacloprid and M.basalis could both successfully control the aphid population in strawberry.The control effect of the 10%imidacloprid suspending agent treatment was as high as 95.89%after one day of application,indicating its positive quick-acting effect.However,this effect was diminished with time.On the contrary,the control of M.basalis on aphids was hysteretic,but gradually improved with time.With the benefit-to-harm ratio of 1∶60,the treatment of M.basalis could provide a control effect of 89.27%after 21 days of application,which was better than the 10%imidacloprid suspending agent treatment in the same time.Photosynthesis of strawberry leaves would benefit from the use of M.basalis and imidacloprid,by improving the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,transpiration rate,and SPAD content.Moreover,the management of aphids would significantly raise the content of soluble solids,soluble sugar,vitamin C,and solid acid ratio in strawberry fruit.Our research indicated that in the treatments,M.basalis,with a benefit-to-harm ratio of 1∶60,performed best in improving the photosynthesis of strawberry leaves and enhancing the quality of strawberry fruit.In conclusion,this study establishes the foundation for the future ecologically friendly strawberry aphid control with natural enemies.