新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控时期低出生体重儿追赶生长的影响因素

Factors for catch-up growth of 12-months low birth weight infants during the period of COVID-19 prevention and control

【目的】了解新冠疫情防控时期江苏省宿迁市宿豫区12个月龄的低出生体重儿(LBWI)追赶生长的影响因素,为更好地指导LBWI追赶生长提供依据。【方法】在授权使用的数据库中,整群选取2020年1月—2021年5月在宿迁市宿豫区定期参加体检和随访至12个月的全部301例LBWI为研究对象,收集儿童基本信息、婴儿出生情况、出生及12个月的体重测量值,同时使用调查问卷收集母亲孕期情况、婴儿出生后喂养与疾病情况。计算Z评分,以评价时的Z评分和出生时的Z评分之差(△Z)≥0.67将所有对象分为追赶生长组(284例)和未达追赶生长组(17例),比较2组相关因素的差异,分析其追赶生长的影响因素。【结果】2组婴儿的小于胎龄儿、早产、宫内发育迟缓、出生后营养强化、喂养方式比例差异有统计学意义,多因素logistic回归分析显示,宫内发育迟缓(OR=0.070,95%CI:0.015~0.327)是妨碍追赶生长的因素;出生后营养强化(OR=6.518,95%CI:1.215~34.955)是追赶生长的促进因素。【结论】LBWI出生后营养强化对追赶生长有益,宫内发育迟缓是未达追赶生长的因素。

[Objective]To investigate the factors influencing the catch-up growth of 12-months low birth weight infants in Suyu District of Suqian City during the period of COVID-19 prevention and control.[Methods]All 301 low birth weight infants were selected with clustered sampling from the database under authorized use,who made their regular check-ups and follow-ups to 12 months in Suyu District of Suqian City from January 2020 to May 2021.Data were collected on infants’basic information,their birth situation and their weight upon birth and at 12 months,while maternal situation during pregnancy and the infants’postnatal feeding and diseases were investigated with a questionnaire.Z scores were calculated.All infants were divided into the catch-up growth group and the uncompleted catch-up growth group according to whether the△Z score was≥0.67.The influencing factors were analyzed for catch-up growth of the low birth weight infants during the period of COVID-19 prevention and control.[Results]There were statistically significant differences in the rate of small for gestational age,preterm birth,intrauterine growth retardation,postnatal nutrition enhancement and feeding mode between the two groups.The results in the multifactor logistics regression analysis showed that intrauterine growth retardation(OR=0.070,95%CI:0.015-0.327)was an obstacle factor for catch-up growth,while postnatal fortified nutrition(OR=6.518,95%CI 1.215-34.955)was a promoting factor for catch-up growth.[Conclusion]There is catch-up growth in postnatal weight among most of the low birth weight infants.Postnatal fortified nutrition is beneficial to catch-up growth,while intrauterine growth retardation may induce uncompleted catch-up growth.