2017—2021年北京市通州区0~2岁儿童神经心理的发育现状和变化趋势

Status and trend analysis of neuropsychological development of children aged 0-2 in Tongzhou,Beijing,2017-2021

【目的】分析2017—2021年北京市通州区0~2岁儿童神经心理发育测评结果,了解通州区0~2岁儿童神经心理发育现状和变化趋势。【方法】收集通州区21家社区卫生服务中心2017—2021年年报数据。使用χ^(2)检验分析不同年龄和户籍0~2岁儿童筛查阳性检出率和发育迟缓率的差异,使用χ^(2)趋势检验分析各年龄组和户籍的逐年变化趋势。分析762例Gesell测查结果,使用χ^(2)检验比较各能区年龄分布差异。【结果】2017—2021年0~2岁儿童发育迟缓率为0.43%,0~岁组发育迟缓率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)=14.135,P<0.001),1~岁组和<3岁组发育迟缓率均呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=5.375,P=0.020;χ^(2)=5.558,P=0.018)。本市户籍儿童发育迟缓率(0.47%)高于外地(0.37%)(χ^(2)=12.504,P<0.001)。大运动能区发育迟缓率0~岁组最高(61.74%),各年龄组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=35.431,P<0.001);语言能区发育迟缓率<3岁组最高(85.97%),各年龄组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=78.450,P<0.001)。【结论】年龄、户籍是0~2岁儿童发育迟缓的影响因素。0~岁、<3岁分别是大运动和语言发育进行指导、干预的关键期和窗口期。

[Objective]To describe the neuropsychological development screening of 0-2 years in Tongzhou from 2017 to 2021 so as to understand the status and trend of developmental delay(DD).[Methods]Annual report data of 21 community health service centers in Tongzhou District from 2017 to 2021 were clustered,Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rate and DD rate of children aged 0-2 years with different ages and household registration,and Chi square trend test was used to analyze the linear trend of each age group and household registration.The Gesell test results in 762 children with developmental delay were analyzed,and Chi square test was used to compare the age distribution differences in gross motor,fine motor,language and personal-social behaviors.[Results]The DD rate of children aged 0-2 years in 2017-2021 was 0.43%.A decreasing trend of DD rate in the 0-age group was observed(χ^(2)=14.135,P<0.001),while an increasing trend of DD rate in the 1-and<3 age groups was observed(χ^(2)=5.375,P=0.020;χ^(2)=5.558,P=0.018).The DD rate of children aged 0-2 years with Beijing household registration was higher(χ^(2)=12.504,P<0.001).The DD rate of gross motor was the highest in the 0-age group(64.60%),the DD rate of language was the highest in the<3 age group(85.97%),and a statistically significant difference of gross motor and language was separately found in the three age groups(χ^(2)=183.061,P<0.001;χ^(2)=78.450,P<0.001).[Conclusion]Age and Beijing household registration are the influencing factors of DD for children aged 0-2,and 0-years and<3 years are the critical periods for guidance and intervention to promote the development of gross motor and language abilities.