江西某废弃稀土矿周边土壤重金属污染及居民慢性病患病情况

Heavy metal pollution of soil and chronic diseases among residents around an abandoned rare earth ore in Jiangxi

【目的】了解江西省某废弃稀土矿周边土壤金属污染物分布特征及对周边居民健康的影响。【方法】根据当地废弃稀土矿的分布将该行政村分为矿区和非矿山区。通过问卷收集当地年龄≥15岁居民的慢性病患病情况。共采集23份土壤样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定土壤中稀土金属镧、铈、镨、钕以及重金属元素砷(类金属)、镉、铅的含量。【结果】根据水土流向,从上游矿区到下游矿区周边农田,各种金属含量(尤其是铅)均呈现一定累积上升趋势;1份原地浸矿区采样的样品检测出有镉轻度污染,农田土壤重金属含量均未超标;相较非矿区周边农田,矿区周边农田土壤中各种金属含量相对较高;矿区周边居民自报慢性病患病率前6位分别为高血压、慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、脑卒中、高血脂和白内障,其中高血压患病率高于非矿区周边居民(χ^(2)=4.141,P=0.042)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,当地居民高血压的主要相关因素为年龄(OR=14.576,95%CI:2.773~76.605)和体重指数(OR=3.147,95%CI:1.121~8.835)。【结论】废弃稀土矿可能会对周边居民健康具有一定的潜在影响,但更细致的纵向关联证据仍须进一步探究。

[Objective]To understand the distribution characteristics of soil metal pollution around an abandoned rare earth ore in Jiangxi and the health impact on the surrounding residents.[Methods]According to the distribution of abandoned rare earth ore,the village was divided into mining and non-mining areas.The prevalence of chronic diseases among residents over 15 years old in the village was collected through a self-designed questionnaire.Twenty-three soil samples were collected.The contents of rare earth metals(including lanthanum,cerium,praseodymium,and neodymium)and heavy metals(including arsenic(metalloids),cadmium,and lead)in the soil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).[Results]The metal content showed a cumulative increasing trend.One of the 23 sampling sites showed mild cadmium pollution.Compared with non-mining farmland,the metal content of farmland soil around the abandoned rare earth mine was relatively higher.The residents'top six self-reported chronic diseases were hypertension,chronic bronchitis,diabetes,stroke,hyperlipidemia,and cataract.The prevalence of hypertension in mining area was higher than non-mining area(χ^(2)=4.141,P=0.042).The main related factors for hypertension in residents were the increase in age(OR=14.576,95%CI:2.773-76.605)and body mass index(OR=3.147,95%CI:1.121-8.835).[Conclusion]Abandoned rare earth ore may have a potential impact on the health of surrounding residents.