儒家“政均”治国理念探析

An Analysis of the Confucian Governance Ideology of Political Equalization

儒家在治国思想上主张“均平”,为政者在施政时公正不偏,布政有均,将“政均”视为治国理政的理想境界。“政均”是上古时期逐渐形成的资源分配观念。西周时期在土地分配、产品分配、赋税分配等方面,已经明确提出了“均地”“均市”“政均”的治国理政思想,孔子从“政均民安”、孟子从“井地之均”、荀子从“均辨”的角度丰富发展了“政均”的治国思想。所谓“均”不是平均,而是各得其分,各得其宜,“政均”就是施政有均,制礼得中,和谐有序。“政均”的治国理念与追求已深深浸润到中华民族的价值观念和民族心理之中,从施政者到庶民百姓都认可均平之政的正当性意义。儒家的“政均”治国思想与上古时期的中道传统有密切关联。

Confucianism advocates“evenness”in governing the country.Politicians should be fair and impartial in governing the country.They regard“evenness”as the ideal state of governing the country.“Political equalization”is the concept of resource allocation from public to private formed in the transition period.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,in terms of land distribution,product distribution,tax distribution and other aspects,the thoughts of“equalizing land”,“equalizing market”and“equalizing politics”were clearly put forward.Confucius,Mencius and Xun Zi developed the thoughts of governing the country from different perspectives.The so-called“evenness”is not equal,but each has its share,each has its appropriate conditions,“political balance”means that there is balance in administration,balanced system of rites,harmony and order.The concept and pursuit of“political balance”has been deeply infiltrated into the values and national psychology of the Chinese nation,and the legitimacy of equal distribution has been recognized from the political administrators to the common people.There is a close relationship between the Confucian thought of“political balance”and the middle way tradition in ancient times.