道德冷漠现象的社会成因及其救治——从道德行动相互性视角的考察

The Social Cause of Moral Apathy and Its Cure——From the Perspective of Reciprocity of Moral Action

道德冷漠现象是社会转型期间出现的新课题,形成的原因是多方面的。从人的道德行动的相互性关系结构看,人的行动会形成向上的良性循环和向下的恶性循环,道德冷漠就是一种恶性循环的表征。解决这个结构性难题的方法就是构筑一个公共的规则底线,保证道德规范向有效的、可以实施公共奖赏或制裁的方向发生转变,也就是对道德行动的恶意恶报要有必要的法律规则性约束。构筑好这个底线,即使不对道德行动实施经济或物质奖赏,人们的行动也自然能够在这个底线之上形成循环,并逐步走向良性循环。

The phenomenon of moral indifference is a new topic emerging during the period of social transformation,and the reasons for its formation are manifold.From the perspective of the reciprocal relationship structure of human moral actions,human actions can form an upward virtuous cycle and a downward vicious cycle,and moral indifference is a manifestation of a vicious cycle.The way to solve this structural problem is to focus on the bottom line foundation of this structure,that is,to construct a public rule bottom line to ensure a shift in ethical norms towards effective public rewards or sanctions,that is,to have the necessary legal and regulatory constraints on malicious retribution of moral actions.And if this bottom line is established,even if economic or material rewards are not applied to moral actions,people’s actions can naturally form a cycle above this bottom line and gradually move towards a virtuous cycle.