非学术部门就业对博士生的质量需求——胜任力分类理论视角下基于招聘信息内容的分析

Quality demand for doctoral students in non-academic sector employment:analysis of recruitment information content from the perspective of competency classification theory

博士生培养规模的扩大以及学术劳动力市场的萎缩使博士生在非学术部门就业渐成主流。本研究通过搜集1317条非学术部门博士生招聘信息并进行内容分析发现,相较于学术职业,非学术部门就业在知识维度上偏重博士生所掌握知识的情境应用与转化,在能力维度上要求博士生具备专业实践能力、可迁移能力、科研创新能力,在潜力维度上重视博士生“为人”“为事”“为学”的综合品质,期待博士生成为面向应用的高端创新人才与领导型人才。基于胜任力分类理论,本研究建构了领域具体性与任务具体性分类框架。面对非学术就业市场对博士生质量提出的新需求,专业学位博士生教育应当扩大规模,建立需求导向的培养反馈机制,优化面向实践情境的博士生培养模式及评价标准;学术学位博士生教育要强化博士生可迁移能力的“融入式”培养,为其多元化发展创设路径,并通过导师指导提升其非认知能力。

The expansion of doctoral training scale and the shrinkage of the academic labor market have made the employment of doctoral students in the non-academic sectors become the mainstream.Through collecting 1317 doctoral recruitment information from non-academic sectors and conducting content analysis,we found that compared with academic careers,employment in non-academic sectors in the knowledge dimension focuses on the situational application and transformation of knowledge mastered by doctoral students.In terms of ability,doctoral students are required to possess professional practical abilities,transferable abilities,and research and innovation abilities.In terms of potential dimensions,non-academic sectors attach importance to the comprehensive quality of"being a person","doing things",and"learning"from doctoral students,and look forward to doctoral students becoming high-end innovative and leadership oriented talents for applications.Based on the competency classification theory,the study proposes a classification framework for the industry specificity and task specificity.In the face of the new demand for quality of doctoral students brought about by the non-academic employment market,professional degree doctoral education should be expanded in scale,establish a demand oriented training feedback mechanism,and optimize the practical context oriented doctoral training model and evaluation criteria.Academic degree doctoral education needs to promote the integrated cultivation of transferable abilities,create paths for the diversified development of doctoral students,and enhance non cognitive ability with support under the guidance of mentors.