零磁通线圈式永磁电动悬浮设计及特性研究

Design and Characteristics of Null-Flux Permanent Magnet Electrodynamic Suspension System

为改善平板式永磁电动悬浮导向能力弱、磁阻力大的问题,提出一种新型的永磁电动悬浮系统.首先,阐述系统的结构及原理并建立包含磁体纵向边端效应的三维电磁力解析模型并求解;其次,搭建三维有限元模型,通过对比解析模型计算结果与有限元仿真结果验证了解析模型的准确性和可靠性,并基于有限元模型分析了电磁力的时域特征和磁体与轨道线圈间的电磁耦合过程;最后,以浮重比和浮阻比为性能指标,研究了系统的悬浮性能及浮阻特性,其结果与平板式电动悬浮系统进行对比分析.研究结果表明:该系统具有可行性,其结构简单、能耗低、浮阻比大且克服了导体板式永磁电动悬浮导向能力弱、浮阻比小的问题;在中高速域内,其浮阻比可达65,是平板式永磁电动悬浮的2.5倍;本文提出的系统及三维电磁力解析模型可为未来的磁悬浮交通发展提供参考.

A novel permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension system is proposed to improve the guidance ability and reduce the drag force.First,a three-dimensional electromagnetic-force analytical model considering the longitudinal end-edge effect of the magnets is established and solved.Second,a three-dimensional finite element model is built.Compared with simulation results,the accuracy and reliability of the analytical model are verified.On the basis of the finite element model,the time domain characteristics of electromagnetic forces and the coupling process between the magnets and the guideway coils are analyzed.Finally,the levitation performance and levitation-drag characteristics of the system are studied according to the levitation-to-weight ratio and the levitation-to-drag ratio.Compared with those of a flat-type electrodynamic suspension system,the results reveal that the proposed system is feasible,with a simple structure,low energy consumption,and large levitation-to-drag ratio.The system overcomes issues associated with a weak guidance ability and a low levitation-to-drag ratio.In the high-speed range,the levitation-to-drag ratio can reach 65,which is 2.5 times higher than that of planar permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension.The proposed system and the corresponding three-dimensional analytical model can lay a foundation for future maglev transportation.