新型超导能量转换/存储装置原理及应用展望

Principle and Application Prospective of Novel Superconducting Energy Conversion/Storage Device

基于新发现的永磁体与超导线圈之间的相互作用规律,提出了利用永磁体与闭合超导线圈构成新型短时能量转换/存储装置.通过在不同永磁体运动路径和运行速度时进行的多组实验,测量和分析了永磁体与闭合超导线圈相互作用过程中永磁体处在不同位置时的相互作用力和超导线圈内电流,验证所提装置原理的可行性并掌握其功能规律;进一步测量在静止状态时超导线圈中电流随时间的衰减情况,得到该装置的损耗特征.研究结果显示:该装置可在无需附加发电机/电动机条件下实现机械能→电磁能→机械能转换,能量效率达到9成以上.该新型超导能量转换/存储装置在城市轨道车辆制动能量回收再利用和航母舰载机辅助电磁弹射等领域具有广泛的应用前景.

Based on the newly discovered interaction behavior between a permanent magnet and a superconducting coil,a novel superconducting energy conversion/storage device is proposed with a structure of a permanent magnet and a closed superconducting coil.Several groups of experiments with different trajectories and speeds of the magnet are carried out.When the magnet is at different positions,the interaction force between the magnet and the closed superconducting coil and the current in the superconducting coil are measured and analyzed to validate the principle of the proposed device and clarify the function properties.When the magnet is stationary,the current attenuation in the coil over time is measured to obtain the operating loss characteristics of the device.Results show that the proposed device can realize the conversion from mechanical energy to electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy without additional generator/motor,and the energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 90%.This indicates that the proposed device is promising in applications such as regenerative braking of urban vehicles and electromagnetic aircraft ejection.