水肥耦合效应对小果型西瓜品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Quality, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Small-fruit Watermelon

以小果型西瓜苏梦6号为材料,在设施栽培条件下探讨了不同施肥量、灌水量耦合对西瓜的品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:不同水肥耦合处理下,F_2W_2处理的茎粗最大,F_1W_2的茎粗最小,其他处理无显著差异,且肥料作用大于水肥耦合作用,叶绿素含量无明显差异;西瓜果实葡萄糖含量整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,F_2W_1、F_2W_2处理的葡萄糖含量最高;果实果糖含量在同一肥料处理水平下,随着用水量的增多而显著下降,表现为稀释效应;西瓜果实的蔗糖、可溶性蛋白及番茄红素含量在不同水肥耦合处理中呈现出显著差异,但无明显规律,果实硝酸盐含量组间无明显差异;不同水肥耦合处理西瓜的单株产量及小区产量差异不大,其中F_3W_2处理的产量最高;不同处理水分利用效率的整体水平较高,在同一肥料处理水平下,水分利用效率随着灌水量增多而逐渐减小,且水分作用大于水肥耦合作用。综合考量植株的茎粗、品质、产量及水分利用效率等多方面因素,在不显著降低西瓜品质的情况下,选择F_1W_1处理为最优的水肥耦合条件。

Under the conditions of facility cultivation,small-fruit watermelon“Sumeng 6”was used as the material,and the effects of different fertilizer application and irrigation amount coupling on quality,yield and water use efficiency of watermelon.The results showed that under different coupling treatments of water and fertilizer,the stem width of F2W2 was the largest,and that of F1W2 was the least.Moreover,there was no difference in other treatments,and fertilizer effect was more advanced than water and fertilizer coupling effect.What’s more,there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content.The glucose content of watermelon fruits increased first and then decreased,and the glucose content of F2W1 and F2W2 was the highest.Under the same fertilizer treatment level,with the increase of water consumption,fructose content decreased significantly,showing a dilution effect.There were significant differences in sucrose,soluble protein and lycopene among water-fertilizer coupling treatments,but there was no obvious rule.However,there was no significant difference in nitrate content among groups.In addition,There was no significant difference in the yield per plant and plot of watermelon under different water-fertilizer coupling treatments,and F3W2 had the highest yield.The overall water use efficiency of different treatments was higher.Under the identical fertilizer treatment degree,the water use efficiency progressively reduced with the increase of irrigation amount,and the water effect was greater than the coupling effect of water and fertilizer.In conclusion,considering several aspects such as stem width,quality,yield and water use efficiency,F1W1 treatment was selected as the optimal water and fertilizer coupling condition without significantly reducing watermelon quality.