古写本《尚书》与罗振玉的学术贡献

On the Manuscripts of Shangshu and the Academic Contribution of Luo Zhenyu

《尚书》文本流传纷乱复杂,素来是经学中的难题。乾嘉名儒段玉裁、阮元于《尚书》文本考订用力甚勤,但受限于材料不足,许多涉及中古时代的《尚书》问题悬而未决,能否获得新材料成为学术突破的关键。清末民初敦煌学家罗振玉独具卓识,发现敦煌隶古定本《尚书》残卷,进而由出土材料实证传世日钞本存古而可信,开辟了《尚书》文本研究的新路径。罗氏捃集四种伯希和所藏写卷和四种日藏《古文尚书传》旧钞,并刊印广布,为现代《尚书》古本汇集和研究奠定了材料基础。依托深厚学养,他运用二重证据法、“东”“西”古本合璧、出土与传世文献互证的学术理念,探寻文字源流,校订异文讹误,勾稽文本联系,考辨文本真伪,取得超迈前贤的成绩,有力推动《尚书》研究方式的近代转型。

The spread of Shangshu is complicated,which has always been a difficult problem in the Confucian classics.Duan Yucai and Ruan Yuan,the famous Confucians in the Qing Dynasty,worked hard at textual research on Shangshu,but due to the lack of materials,many issues concerning Shangshu in the Middle Ages are still hanging.Access to new materials is the key to academic breakthroughs.Luo Zhenyu,a Dunhuang scholar in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,discovered remained manuscripts of Shangshu,and then proved that the Japanese manuscripts are ancient and credible,which opened up a new path for the textual research on Shangshu.Mr Luo collected and printed four kinds of manuscripts in French and in Japan,which laid the material foundation for the research on Shangshu in modern times.Relying on his profound learning,he applied the academic ideas of double evidence method,the combination of east and west ancient manuscripts,the mutual proof of unearthed and handed down documents to explore the origin of characters,correct the errors of different texts,check the connection of texts and identify the authenticity of the text.Luo Zhenyu made the achievements surpassing the predecessors,and effectively promoted the modern transformation of the research mode in Shangshu.