膳食多样性对学龄前儿童生长发育的影响

The Impact of Dietary Diversity on the Growth and Development of Preschool Children

目的 探讨膳食多样性对学龄前儿童生长发育的影响,为干预儿童的营养情况提供依据。方法 通过多阶段整群抽样方法,以1 951名儿童及其监护人作为本研究的对象。研究人员使用问卷方式调查基线情况以及24小时食物摄入情况,并对所有受访儿童进行体格检查,分析儿童生长发育状况。结果 家庭膳食多样性达标率为94.61%。其中,家长的文化程度、家庭年收入不同达标率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。儿童的分娩方式不同,达标率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。富含维生素A的水果和蔬菜、其他水果和蔬菜、鸡蛋、豆类、坚果和种子的摄入与膳食多样性达标情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。膳食多样性得分达标的幼儿生长发育的年龄别体重(WAZ)、身长别体重(WHZ)以及营养状况,均优于得分不达标的幼儿(均P<0.05)。结论 本次调查对象的膳食多样性达标率以及家庭膳食种类比较丰富。膳食多样性与幼儿的生长发育成正相关,建议学龄前儿童及其家庭看护人定期进行营养饮食相关的健康教育,通过改善膳食结构促进幼儿生长发育。

Objective To explore the impact of dietary diversity in young children on the growth and development of during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods An online survey was conducted to investigate the demographicpreschool children,and to provide evidence for intervention in children's nutritional status.Methods Using multi-stage cluster characteristics,epidemic-related characteristics,and SRH scores of 479 subjects.Results The SRH scoressampling method,1951 children and their guardians were selected as the research subjects.The researchers used questionnaires to investigate the baseline situation and 24-hour food intake,and conducted physical examination on all the children interviewed of the research subjects and the subscores of physical,psychological and social health were(44.86±5.54)to analyze their growth and development.Results The compliance rate of family dietary diversity was 94.61%.Among them,the(14.10±1.38),(19.90±3.77),and(10.86±2.26)respectively.Those under 45 years old,suffering from chroniceducational level of parents and the annual income of families have different compliance rates,and the differences are statistically diseases,going out to school/work,or understanding little of the epidemic reported lower total scores of SRH.significant(all P<0.05).The delivery methods of children are different,and the difference in compliance rate is statistically significant(P<0.05).The intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A,other fruits and vegetables,eggs,legumes,nuts,and Those under 45 years old,suffering from chronic diseoses,living in Hubei Province during the outbreak,orseeds were statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to their dietary diversity compliance.The growth and development Z-scores going out to school/work reported lower total scores of mental health.Those males,under 45 years old,havingof children who achieved dietary diversity scores were better in terms of WAZ,WHZ,and nutritional status than those who did not(all P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary diversity compliance rate and the variety of family meals among the surveyed subjects are a low level of understanding of the epidemic,or paying more time on the information of the epidemic reported relatively rich.Dietary diversity is positively correlated with the growth and development of young children.It is recommended that lower scores of the social health.Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic,the self-rated health of thepreschool children and their caregivers regularly receive health education related to nutrition and diet,and optimize the growth and participants was associated with age,the severity of the epidemic in the place of residence,and the individual’sdevelopment of young children by improving their dietary structure.