王充的仕宦经历及其“命论”

Wang Chong's Experience as an Official and His View of Fate

东汉学者王充在扬州会稽郡一带历任县掾功曹、都尉府掾功曹、郡五官掾、州从事等职务,位居地方属吏的上层,但王充一心希望经察举进入中央朝廷,实现由地方属吏到朝廷命官的迁跃。东汉初,影响察举的内外因素,包括经学水平、道德品行、行政才能,以及家庭出身、长吏好恶、乡里口碑等,王充在这些方面优势并不明显,是以升任朝官的愿望始终未能实现。仕宦经历推动了王充“命论”等思想的形成,深刻影响了王充的思想体系。

Wang Chong,a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty,served as an official in Kuaiji,Yangzhou from the county up to the prefecture.Though he had become a high local official,his real ambition was to enter the central court through the recommendatory system.In the early Eastern Han Dynasty,whether a man would get recommended or not depended on such internal and external factors as knowledge of Confucian classics,morality and administrative talent as well as family origin,higher officials' taste and the reputation in the township.Wang Chong's strengths did not fit these criteria,so his desire to be promoted to the imperial court was never satisfied.The experience as an official contributed to the formation of his theory of fate,which profoundly influenced his ideological system.