青海同仁麻风病防治院田野调查报告——基于防疫的人类学思考

An Investigationon Leprosarium in Tongren City:Based on Epidemic Prevention from Anthropological Perspective

位于青藏高原东南的同仁市麻风病院成立于新中国建立伊始,作为麻风村用于对麻风病人进行隔离收治,改变了旧社会对麻风病人惨无人道的杀戮防治方式,给麻风病患者以生存的空间和尊严。新中国成立后,麻风病的传播得到了有效控制,新增人数逐年递减。麻风病使病患与世隔绝,无法像正常人那样结婚生育、成家立业,由于歧视也无法回归社会。然而在医院里,他们能够获得生活保障、医护人员的关心与帮助及社会爱心捐赠,也是另一种幸运的人生。病毒与细菌给人类带来灾难,改变了生态和人们生活的方式,另一面却也推动着人类防疫能力的进步与发展,促进了人类命运共同体的形成。

Leprosarium in Tongren City locates in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and it was built in the early period of New China.As a leprosy hospital,Tongren Leprosarium quarantined and treated many leprosy patients at that time and changed the savage preventing and controlling measures by killing leprosy patients.This provideds living space and dignity to the patients.The spread of leprosy was controlled after the Netherlands provided free drugs and combined therapy during that time.Nowadays,leprosarium in Tongren City has become the sanatorium to the leprosy patients.Leprosy is a disease that isolates patients from the society and leads them to miserable lives.However,with timely treatment in leprosy hospital and medical workers’care and love,the leprosy patients could have better lives.On one hand,viruses and bacteria bring disaster to mankind and change the way of life,on the other hand they also promote the progress and development of human epidemic prevention capacity which facilitates the formation of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.