不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different soil moisture on growth,yield,quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant

【目的】研究不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,为华北地区设施茄子精准节水灌溉和增产提供理论依据。【方法】以茄杂2号茄子品种为研究对象,以田间持水量(Field Capacity)为基准,分别设W 1:土壤含水量为50%~55%FC,W 2:土壤含水量为60%~65%FC,W 3:土壤含水量为70%~75%FC,W 4:土壤含水量为80%~85%FC,W 5:土壤含水量为90%~95%FC 5个处理,每个处理3次重复,研究5种不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】在不同土壤水分条件下,设施茄子的株高、茎粗随土壤含水量的增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势;设施茄子产量与灌水量呈二次函数关系Y(Y)=-3.2021X 2+1278.5X-26511(R 2=0.9943),W 4处理产量最高,为101029.91 kg/hm^(2);降低土壤含水量有利于可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC、可溶性蛋白含量的提高,同时也会导致硝酸盐含量的升高;设施茄子水分利用效率随着土壤含水量的减少而增加,产量最高的W 4处理水分利用效率为36.22 kg/m^(3),相比W 1处理虽然下降了13.14%,但产量却增加了54.55%。【结论】土壤含水量为80%~85%FC时茄子产量达到最大,为101029.91 kg/hm^(2),亚硝酸盐含量最低,为575.40 mg/kg,且水分利用效率相对较高,为36.22 kg/m^(3),是最适宜华北地区的设施茄子土壤水分管理。

【Objective】To provide theoretical basis for precision water-saving irrigation and yield increase of Eggplant in Northern China.【Methods】The eggplant variety Qieza 2 was taken as the research object,based on the field capacity,five treatments were set respectively:W 1:soil water content of 50%-55%FC,W 2:soil water content of 60%-65%FC,W 3:soil water content of 70%-75%FC,W 4:soil water content of 80%-85%FC,W 5:soil water content of 90%-95%FC,and each treatment was repeated three times.After that,the effects of five different soil moisture on growth,yield,quality and water use efficiency of greenhouse eggplant were studied.【Results】Under different soil moisture conditions,the plant height and stem diameter of protected eggplant increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil moisture;Under the experimental conditions,the relationship between eggplant yield and irrigation was a quadratic function,y(Y)=-3.202,1x 2+1,278.5x-26,511(R 2=0.994,3).The yield of W 4 treatment was the highest,which was 101,029.91 kg/hm^(2);Reducing soil water content was conducive to the increase of soluble solid,soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble protein,and also led to the increase of nitrate content;The water use efficiency of protected eggplant increased with the decrease of soil water content.The water use efficiency of W 4 treatment with the highest yield was 36.22 kg/m^(3),decreased by 13.14%compared with W 1 treatment,but the yield increased by 54.55%.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions,when the soil water content is 80%-85%FC,the eggplant yield reaches the maximum,which is 101,029.91 kg/hm^(2),the nitrite content is the lowest,which is 575.40 mg/kg,and the water use efficiency is relatively high,which is 36.22 kg/m^(3).It is the most suitable facility eggplant soil water management in Northern China.