盐地柽柳(Tamarix karelinii Bunge)的传粉生物学特征及传粉能力差异

Pollination biology of Tamarix karelinii Bunge(Tamaricaceae)

【目的】研究盐地柽柳(Tamarix karelinii Bunge)的传粉生物学特征及传粉能力差异。【方法】以盐地柽柳Tamarix karelinii Bunge为研究对象,设置野外定点观测,记录花部形态特征、开花动态、传粉昆虫种类及其传粉行为特征,运用离心法测得花蜜含糖量,TTC法测定花粉活力,MTT法测定柱头可授性,显微计数统计传粉昆虫的携粉量。【结果】盐地柽柳的种群花期约58 d,单花花期为3 d,在单花花期内花粉与柱头均具活性,且开花首日两者活性最高;意大利蜂Apis mellifera、稀刻淡脉隧蜂Lasioglossum albescens、长尾管蚜蝇Eristalis tenax、大灰优食蚜蝇Eupeodes corollae及丝光绿蝇Lucilia sericata为主要传粉昆虫,其中稀刻淡脉隧蜂的访花频率最高,意大利蜂在个体数量、单花停留时间及携粉能力方面占据绝对优势;一天中14:00~16:00花蜜的含糖量最高,该时间段与上述传粉昆虫的访花高峰相吻合。【结论】盐地柽柳具有适应于虫媒传粉的花部综合特征,其泛化的传粉系统适合膜翅目及双翅目昆虫为其传粉,其中意大利蜂的传粉能力最强。

【Objective】Pollination biology of Tamarix karelinii Bunge(Tamaricaceae).【Methods】Tamarix karelinii Bunge was used as the research object,and the morphological characteristics of flowers,flowering dynamics,pollinating insect species,and their pollination behaviors were recorded through field observations,the sugar content of nectar was measured by centrifugation,pollen viability was determined by the TTC method,receptivity of stigma was determined by MTT method,and the pollen carrying capacity of pollinators was counted by microscopic counting.【Results】The population of Tamarix karelinii Bunge had a flowering period about 58 days and a single flowering period was 3 days.During the flowering period of a single flower,both pollen and stigma were active,and their activity was the highest on day of flowering.The Apis mellifera,Lasioglossum albescens,Eristalis tenax,Eupeodes corollae and the Lucilia sericata were the main pollinators,with the Lasioglossum albescens having the highest flower-visiting frequency,the Apis mellifera an absolute advantage in terms of the number of individuals,single flower stay time and pollen carrying capacity;The sugar content of nectar was the highest during 14:00-16:00 of the day,which coincided with the peak of flower visitation by pollinators as mentioned above.【Conclusion】T.karelinii has floral syndromes adapted to insect pollination,and the generalized pollination system is suitable for Hymenoptera and Diptera insects to pollinate it,among which the pollination ability of Apis mellifera is more significant.