我国离婚冷静期制度的法理思考与实证研究

Legal and Empirical Analysis of China's Divorce Cooling-off Period System

离婚冷静期是《民法典》对公民基本权利之离婚自由设置的程序性法律限制。作为我国婚姻家庭制度的一种创新性设计,它也是对我国离婚制度的补充与完善。该制度契合我国婚姻家庭伦理和民意民情,追求对离婚当事人的法律利益进行调和,蕴含着对良好婚姻家观的价值引导。目前立法仅规定登记离婚中适用离婚冷静期制度,没有回应诉讼离婚中冷静期适用问题。应借鉴人民法院在探索家事审判改革中诉讼离婚适用冷静期的司法实践经验,对不同形式的离婚冷静期在适用对象、适用范围、适用时间、当事人双方的权利与义务、适用配套举措等方面进行完善,实现限制率性离婚与保障实质婚姻自由的法律作用。

The divorce cooling-off period is a procedural legal restriction set by the Civil Code of China on the fundamental right of citizens to divorce.As an innovative system within our country's marriage and family institution,it serves as a supplement and improvement to China's divorce system.This system aligns with the ethical standards and public sentiment surrounding marriage and family in China,seeking to reconcile the legal interests of the parties involved in divorce and embodying the value guidance towards a healthy view of marriage and family.Currently,the legislation only stipulates the application of the divorce cooling-off period in registered divorces,without addressing its applicability in divorce litigation cases.It is necessary to draw on the judicial practice experience of the people's courts in exploring the reform of family litigation and apply the cooling-off period in divorce litigation,while further refining different forms of cooling-off periods in terms of the applicable parties,scope,duration,rights and obligations of the parties involved,and supporting measures to achieve the legal function of restraining impulsive divorces and safeguarding substantive freedom in marriage.