我国校车安全违法行为的类型与治理

Types and Governance of School Bus Safety Illegal Behaviors in China

我国校车在解决农村地区学生上学难的特殊时期应运而生,有效保障了学生的通勤需求,但由于其安全管理不规范,目前仍存在诸多类型的违法行为,主要有“黑校车”、校车使用许可及人员准驾资质与相关规定不符、校车运营中存在“超员”和“超速”行为、校车安全技术状态不达标等问题。相关违法行为的产生主要是由于校车行政管理体系与机制未理顺;校车运营单位安全管理主体责任未落实;校车安全管理过程中遗留了太多历史问题;校车安全运营动态监管体系与措施乏力;校车安全运营的社会环境与氛围不友好等诱因所致。治理之策在于理顺校车安全管理关系,明确政府主体责任;落实安全生产的理念与职责,强化校车运营单位责任;推动校车监管科技应用,确保参与者遵规守法;宣传推广校车安全文化,塑造良好社会氛围。

In China,school bus has emerged during the special period of solving those difficulties for rural area students to attend school,effectively ensuring their commuting needs,but due to its irregular safety management,there are still many types of illegal behaviors,mainly including the"illegal school bus",the school bus usage permits and personnel driving qualifications which are inconsistent with relevant regulations,there are"overload driving"and"speeding"behaviors in school bus operation,the school bus safety technology status does not meet standards and so on.The main inducements of relevant illegal activities include the administrative management systems and mechanisms of school bus safety operation are not rationalized,the main responsibilities of school bus operation units in safety management have not been implemented,there are too many historical legacy issues in the process of school bus safety management,the dynamic supervision system and related measures of school bus safety operation are still weak,the social environment and atmosphere of school bus safety operation are not friendly.The governance countermeasures include:Firstly,rationalize the relationships of school bus safety management and clarify the main responsibilities of government.Secondly,implement the concept and responsibility of safety production and strengthen the responsibility of school bus operation units.Thirdly,promote the application of school bus monitoring and supervision technology to ensure that all the participants are required to comply with regulations and laws.Fourthly,publicize and promote school bus safety culture and shape a fine social atmosphere.