也谈汤阴出土“工■王姑发”剑

Discussion on the Gong Wu Wang Gu Fa Sword Unearthed in Tangyin

2018年12月,河南汤阴羑河东周墓地M1出土的“工■王姑发”剑,是迄今为止第一把有明确铭文确定的吴王诸樊剑。根据墓中出土器物的形制特征,结合吴王诸樊在位时间,确定M1墓葬年代为公元前560年至前500年前后。这一时期汤阴羑河所在地域已为晋属,且为晋国卿族中行氏家族封地。M1墓葬规格较高,墓主为高级贵族卿大夫阶层,且墓葬方向与中行氏姬姓贵族墓葬方向一致。综合来看,汤阴M1墓主人应为晋国中行氏卿族。

In December 2018,the"Gong Wu Wang Gu Fa"sword was unearthed from M1 in a cemetery of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Tangyin,Henan Province,as the first sword so far with definite inscription of Zhufan,King of Wu State.This sword is 41.8 cm in length,with a width of 4.9 cm at the hilt and 29 characters engraved on the blade body.The identity of the owner of the Tangyin M1 has always been an issue that urgently needs to be resolved by the academic community.Based on the archaeological remains from the tomb,especially the shape of pottery tripod,bronze spear,etc.,it is inferred that the Ml was constructed in the early part of the late Spring and Autumn period.We combined the discovery of Tangyin Zhufan Sword with the division of the late Spring and Autumn period to determine the upper and lower limits of the time period of the M1,which is estimated to be between 560 BC and 500 BC.The determination of the period lays a foundation for identifying the owner of Tangyin M1.Through literature research,it was found that between 560 BC and 500 BC,the area of Tangyin was no longer under the jurisdiction of Wei State,but became a feudal domain of the Zhonghang family of Jin state.Ml is a high-class tomb,which has an entrance area of 41 square meters,one inner coffin and two outer coffins.Archeological discoveries include fragments of three bronze Ding,numerous bronze arrowheads,three immolated people and a horse pit attached to the burial,and most importantly the precious sword which once belonged to Zhufan,the King of Wu.All of these indicate that the occupant of Ml is a high-ranking nobility.The M1 is oriented south-north,which conforms to the characteristics of noble tombs of the Zhonghang clans with the surname Ji.In conclusion,the owner of M1 in Tangyin should be a member of the noble family Zhonghang from the State of Jin.