围绝经期女性睡眠及相关影响因素分析

Analysis of sleep and related influencing factors in perimenopausal women

目的调查北京市大兴区围绝经期患者睡眠及相关影响因素分析。方法对178例围绝经期女性进行更年期问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学特征、改良Kupperman评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI),采用Spearman相关性分析各因素对围绝经期女性睡眠的影响。结果178例患者年龄40~60岁,平均49岁。改良Kupperman评分:轻度37.1%(66/178),中度52.8%(94/178),重度10.1%(18/178)。SAS评分:无症状82.6%(147/178),轻度14.6%(26/178),中度2.8%(5/178),重度0(0/178)。SDS评分:无症状82.0%(146/178),轻度14.0%(25/178),中度3.4%(6/178),重度0.6%(1/178)。PSQI评分:无睡眠障碍52.8%(94/178),睡眠障碍47.2%(84/178),睡眠质量及睡眠时间所占比例更高,分别为74.7%(133/178)及70.8%(126/178)。以PSQI评分为因变量,改良Kupperman评分分级、SAS评分、SDS评分、是否为肥胖苦恼、压力程度为自变量,经Spearman相关性分析显示,改良Kupperman评分分级、SAS评分、SDS评分、为肥胖苦恼、压力与PSQI评分均呈正相关(r=0.450、0.340、0.336、0.161、0.250,P<0.05)。改良Kupperman评分分级与PSQI各因子(除睡眠药物外)评分呈正相关(P<0.05);SAS评分、SDS评分与PSQI各因子(除睡眠药物及睡眠效率外)评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。年龄40~50岁及51~60岁患者的PSQI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);是否绝经与PSQI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论围绝经期睡眠问题与围绝经期症状、焦虑、抑郁、为肥胖而苦恼及压力程度呈正相关,改善睡眠问题质量从改善围绝经期症状、心理疏导、适当运动等方面着手,尽早干预,提升其睡眠质量,从而预防因长期睡眠问题而引起的身心疾病。

Objective To investigate the sleep of perimenopausal patients in Daxing District of Beijing and analyze the related influencing factors.Methods 178 perimenopausal women were investigated by menopause questionnaire,including demographic characteristics,modified Kupperman score,self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),pittsburg sleep quality index scale(PSQI).Spearman correlation was used to analyze the effects of various factors on perimenopausal women's sleep.Results 178 patients ranged in age from 40 to 60 years,with an average age of 49 years.Modified Kupperman score:mild 37.1%(66/178),moderate 52.8%(94/178),severe 10.1%(18/178).SAS score:asymptomatic 82.6%(147/178),mild 14.6%(26/178),moderate 2.8%(5/178),severe 0(0/178).SDS scores:asymptomatic 82.0%(146/178),mild 14.0%(25/178),moderate 3.4%(6/178),severe 0.6%(1/178).PSQI score:no sleep disorder 52.8%(94/178),sleep disorder 47.2%(84/178),sleep quality and sleep time accounted for a higher proportion,74.7%(133/178)and 70.8%(126/178),respectively.PSQI score was used as the dependent variable,and modified Kupperman score,SAS score,SDS score,obesity distress and stress level were independent variables.Spearman correlation analysis showed that,Modified Kupperman score,SAS score and SDS score obesity distress and stress were positively correlated with PSQI score(r=0.450,0.340,0.336,0.161,0.250,P<0.05).The modified Kupperman score was positively correlated with PSQI scores(except sleep medication)(P<0.05).SAS score and SDS score were positively correlated with PSQI scores(except sleep drugs and sleep efficiency)(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in PSQI scores between patients aged 40~50 years and 51~60 years(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between menopause and PSQI score(P>0.05).Conclusion Perimenopause sleep problems are positively correlated with perimenopause symptoms,anxiety,depression,distress for obesity and stress level.To improve sleep problems,we can improve perimenopause symptoms,psychological counseling,appropriate exercise and other aspects,early intervention to improve sleep quality,so as to prevent physical and mental diseases caused by long-term sleep problems.