厦门地区儿童流行性感冒证候特点及中医证型分布规律研究

Study on the Symptom Characteristics and Distribution of TCM Syndromes of Influenza in Children in Xiamen Area

目的探讨厦门地区儿童流感的证候特点及中医证型分布规律,为本病的中医临床研究提供参考。方法选取2019年3月-2022年2月在厦门市中医院就诊的流感患儿300例,分析厦门地区儿童流感的中医证候与证型特点。结果共有甲流221例、乙流78例、甲乙流1例,男女比例1.29∶1,平均年龄为(7.48±3.19)岁,其中以学龄前期及学龄期流感儿童为多见。性别与流感类型、患病年龄,年龄与患病人数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但年龄与流感类型存在显著相关性(P<0.05),且甲型流感的平均易感年龄小于乙型流感病毒;流感患儿就诊前平均热峰为(39.20±0.60)℃,平均热程为(24.54±20.13)h;就诊前热峰在各流感类型分布中无统计学差异(P>0.05),但就诊前热程在各流感类型分布中差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且甲流患儿的平均热程短于乙流患儿。流感患儿就诊时证候特点以发热、咳嗽、咽红肿、倦怠乏力为主。中医证型以风热犯卫证为主,其次为外寒内热证、风热夹湿证、热毒袭肺证、湿热证、毒热壅肺证;中医证型在不同流感类型及性别分布中,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论厦门地区儿童流感以甲流为多见,流感类型在患病年龄及就诊前热程两方面存在差异。中医证型以风热犯卫证为常见证型,且易兼夹湿邪,可能与厦门地区的地理、气候特点相关。

Objective To explore the symptom characteristics and distribution of TCM syndrome types of influenza in children in Xiamen area,and to provide reference for TCM clinical research on this disease.Methods A total of 300 children with influenza who were treated in Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2019 to February 2022 were selected to analyze the TCM symptom and syndrome types of influenza among children in Xiamen area.Results There were 221 cases of influenza A,78 cases of influenza B,and 1 case of influenza A and B.The ratio of male to female was 1.29∶1,and the average age was(7.48±3.19)years old.There was no significant difference in gender and influenza type,age of illness,as well as age and number of patients(P>0.05).However,there was a significant correlation between age and influenza type(P<0.05),and the average susceptible age of influenza A was less than that of influenza B virus.The average fever peak of children with influenza before treatment was(39.20±0.60)℃,and the average course of fever was(24.54±20.13)h.There was no significant difference in the distribution of pre-treatment fever peak in each influenza type(P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the course of fever of pre-treatment fever among different types of influenza(P<0.05),while the average course of fever of children with influenza A was shorter than that of children with influenza B.The syndrome characteristics of children with influenza were mainly fever,cough,pharyngeal redness and swelling,and fatigue.The main TCM syndromes were wind-heat invading defense syndrome,followed by external cold and internal heat syndrome,wind-heat complicated by dampness syndrome,heat-toxin attacking lung syndrome,damp-heat syndrome,and toxic heat obstructing lung syndrome.There was no significant difference in TCM syndromes among different types of influenza and gender distribution(P>0.05).Conclusion Influenza A is the most common type of influenza in children in Xiamen area,and the types of influenza are different in age and fever before treatment.The common TCM syndrome type is wind-heat invading the defense syndrome,and it is easy to be accompanied by dampness,which may be related to the geographical and climatic characteristics of Xiamen area.