固定式海上风力机实时混合试验加载方式研究

Study on Loading Mode of Real-time Hybrid Test for Fixed Offshore Wind Turbine

在传统的海上风力机模型试验中,湍流风载荷在实验室中复现困难,实验室场地的空间限制无法进行大型海上风力机模型试验,上部风力机与下部平台存在的缩尺矛盾也无法深入研究海上风力机全耦合作用机理.随着计算能力的提升、数值积分算法以及控制等关键问题研究取得突破,上述矛盾可由实时混合试验方法解决.本文以美国国家可再生能源实验室(NREL)5 MW固定式海上风力机为研究对象,按照1∶90进行缩尺,制作物理子结构模型,开发AeroDyn程序作为数值子结构,添加UDP/IP通信机制作为数据采集与传输方式,以推杆式作动器为加载装置,搭建了完整的实时混合试验系统,进行无海浪工况下的固定式海上风力机实时混合模型试验.将试验结果与FAST软件结果进行对比分析,结果吻合良好,说明了实时混合模型试验方法的可行性.研究结果为海上风力机实时混合模型试验技术的进一步发展提供了参考,为海上风力机结构设计与安全运行提供技术支撑.

In traditional offshore wind turbine model tests,it is difficult to reproduce the turbulent wind loads in the laboratory.And the space limitation of the laboratory site makes it impossible to carry out large-scale offshore wind turbine model tests.The scale contradiction between the upper wind turbine and the lower platform cannot deeply study the full coupling mechanism of the offshore wind turbine.With the improvement of computing power and the breakthrough of key problems such as numerical integration algorithm and control,the above contradiction can be solved by the real-time hybrid test method.This paper takes the 5 MW fixed offshore wind turbine of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)as the research object and makes the physical substructure model according to the scale of 1∶90.AeroDyn program is developed as the numerical substructure,UDP/IP communication mechanism is added as the data acquisition and transmission mode,and the push rod actuator is taken as the loading device to build a complete real-time hybrid test system so as to carry out the real-time hybrid model test of fixed offshore wind turbine under no wave condition.The test results are compared with these of FAST software.The good agreement shows the feasibility of the real-time hybrid model test method,which provides a reference for the further development of the real-time hybrid model test technology of offshore wind turbines,and provides technical support for the structural design and safe operation of the offshore wind.