血管内皮功能障碍及其评估技术

Vascular endothelial dysfunction and its functional assessment

血管内皮细胞是覆盖于血管壁表面的一类薄层扁平上皮细胞,作为一个效应器官,它可以对各种体内外刺激作出反应,释放血管活性物质来调节机体内环境稳定。然而,在多种致病因素的诱导下内皮细胞易发生功能障碍,表现为血管舒缩功能受损、血栓形成和动脉壁增殖等。研究表明,血管内皮功能障碍(vascular endothelial dysfunction,VED)与动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭等心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关,因此,有效评估内皮功能对心血管疾病的防治至关重要。本文就血管内皮的功能、调控原理及其与心血管疾病的关系进行综述,并对现有内皮评估技术的基本原理和优缺点进行总结,助力于心血管疾病的诊治。

Vascular endothelial cells form a thin layer of flattened cells that cover the surface of the vessel wall,As an effector tissue,the vessel wall responds to various stimuli to release vasoactive substances to maintain homeostasis.However,endothelial cells are prone to dysfunction induced by multiple pathological factors,which is manifested by an impaired vasomotor function,thrombosis,and arterial wall proliferation.Studies have shown that vascular endothelial dysfunction is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.Therefore,effectively evaluating endothelial functions is essential to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.In this review,we discuss the functions and regulatory principles of the vascular endothelium and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases and summarize the basic principles and advantages and disadvantages of existing endothelial assessment techniques to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.