新型电力系统下的抽水蓄能电站成本疏导机制:综述与展望

Cost Sharing Mechanisms of Pumped Storage Stations in the New-Type Power System:Review and Prospect

在双碳目标驱动下,我国电力系统正逐步转型为以新能源为主体的新型电力系统,面临新的供需平衡形势.抽水蓄能作为目前最成熟的储能技术,通过提供不同时间尺度的灵活性资源,能保证电力系统安全经济运行,且有效促进新能源消纳.然而,新形势下抽水蓄能电站的运营决策和成本疏导机制尚未厘清,一定程度上阻碍了其进一步发展.在此背景下,首先综合分析了抽水蓄能电站的技术特点和功能定位;其次从全生命周期的角度建立了抽水蓄能电站的成本模型,并分析成本疏导的路径;再次针对电力市场发展的不同阶段,刻画了价格形成机制以及成本疏导方式的演化路径,为我国抽水蓄能电站的市场化进程提供了可行方案;最后对抽水蓄能电站未来的发展进行了展望.

Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,the power system is transforming to the new structure which is dominated by renewable energy and is facing a new supply-demand balance situation.Pumped storage,as the most mature energy storage technology at present,can provide flexible resources with different time scales to ensure the safety of the power system and promote the consumption of renewable energy.However,the operation strategy and cost sharing mechanism of the pumped storage station(PSS)are not clear,which hinders its further development under the new situation.In this context,the technical characteristics and functions of PSS are sorted out first.Then,the investment cost model is established from the perspective of the whole life cycle.After that,the evolution path of pricing mechanism and cost sharing mode are described in view of the different stages of electricity market development,providing a feasible scheme for the marketization of PSS.Finally,the future development of PSS is summarized and prospected.