2022年春季冰雹灾害对贵州西部红心猕猴桃的影响分析

Impact Analysis of Spring Hail Disaster on Red Cartridge Kiwifruit in Western Guizhou in 2022

2022年4月下旬—5月上旬,贵州西部共发生6次冰雹天气过程,其中4月22日、5月6日、5月8日、5月9日发生的4次冰雹天气过程严重影响贵州西部红心猕猴桃生产。为了探明这4次冰雹天气过程对红心猕猴桃果实的影响,通过对6次冰雹天气过程影响区的调查,获取冰雹特征数据和红心猕猴桃在4次冰雹灾害过程中的受灾情况,分析诱发冰雹天气发生的大气环流特征,并采用相关统计方法评估4次冰雹灾害对红心猕猴桃造成的损失。结果表明:6次冰雹天气过程中,冰雹最大直径达20 mm,但最大直径大多在10 mm以下,其中水城区的冰雹最大直径较其他地区大,遭遇冰雹天气次数也最多。影响红心猕猴桃生产的4次冰雹天气过程的天气背景具有贵阳站的CAPE均远远大于威宁站、中低层相对湿度均在90%以上、中高层相对湿度均在80%左右的共同特点。4月22日、5月6日和5月9日冰雹天气发生前,500 hPa均有浅槽、700 hPa均有低涡切变线入侵贵州西部;5月8日冰雹天气发生前,500 hPa和700 hPa贵州西部均处于西太副高外围。4次冰雹灾害造成红心猕猴桃885.4 hm 2绝收,占其基地种植面积的9.04%;因冰雹灾害造成产量损失约1.33万t,直接经济损失19921.5万元。

Six hail weather processes occurred in western Guizhou from late April to early May 2022,and there were four hail disasters which affected the red cartridge kiwifruit production seriously in western Guizhou.The four hail disasters occurred on 22 April,6 May,8 May,and 9 May.In order to investigate the effects of four hail weather processes on red cartridge kiwifruit,the characteristics data of six hail processes and the disaster situation of red cartridge kiwifruit by four hail disasters were obtained by the investigation of the regions affected by six hail weather processes.Both the characteristics of atmospheric circulation induced by hail weather were analyzed,and the loss of red cartridge kiwifruit caused by four hail disasters was assessed by statistical method.The results show that the maximum hail diameter reached 20 mm,but most of the maximum hail diameter were below 10 mm,in six hail weather processes.Among them,both the maximum hail diameter in Shuicheng District was larger than that in other district,and the number of hail weather process was also the most.The weather background of the four hail weather processes affecting red cartridge kiwifruit production had the common characteristics that the value of CAPE of Guiyang station was much higher than that of Weining station,the relative humidity of middle-low levels was above 90%,and the relative humidity of middle-high levels was about 80%.Before the hail weather occurred on 22 April,6 May and 9 May,shallow trough at 500 hPa and low vortex shear line at 700 hPa was observed in western Guizhou.Before the hail weather occurred on 8 May,west Guizhou was in the periphery of the West Pacific Subtropical High at 500 hPa and 700 hPa.Four hail disasters resulted 885.4 hectares of red cartridge kiwifruit demolished no harvest,and it accounts for 9.04%of base’s planting areas of red cartridge kiwifruit in western Guizhou.Due to four hail disaster,the yield loss of red cartridge kiwifruit was about 13300 tons,and the direct economic loss was 199.215 million yuan.