钱塘江海宁段海塘区域鸟类群落特征、多样性及其保护对策

Characteristics,Diversity and Protection Countermeasures of Bird Community in Haining Seawall of Qiantang River

海宁市南濒钱塘江,有天下闻名的钱江潮,也是全球候鸟迁徙和越冬的重要生态节点。该区域滩地位置特殊,生态基底不稳定,为候鸟的迁徙越冬环境带来更多挑战。基于2021年6月至2022年4月区域内鸟类及其生境调查,探讨鸟类群落特征、多样性、空间分布格局等。研究结果表明:区域内鸟类共15目41科79属121种,其中留鸟39种、夏候鸟14种、旅鸟19种、冬候鸟49种;古北界68种、东洋界46种、广布7种;国家II级重点保护鸟类19种;IUCN红色名录濒危物种1种,易危物种2种,近危物种3种。研究区域主要是春、秋季节迁徙鸟类的中途停歇地以及冬季的越冬栖息地,鸟类多样性与当地塘后及塘前密切相关。从长远角度看,开展滩地及其生境修复是鸟类多样性保护的重要举措之一。

Haining is bordered by the Qiantang River in the south with the famous Qianjiang River tide,and is also an important ecological node for global migratory birds to migrate and overwinter.The special location of the beach in this region and the unstable ecological base bring more challenges to the migratory birds’overwintering environment.Based on the survey of regional birds and their habitats from June 2021 to April 2022,this paper discusses the characteristics,diversity and spatial distribution pattern of regional bird communities.The results showed that there were 121 species of birds belonging to 79 genera,41 families and 15 orders;39 species of resident birds,14 species of summer migratory birds,19 species of passing migrant birds,49 species of winter migratory birds;68 species of Palaearctic realm,46 species of Oriental realm and 7 species widespread birds;19 species of National Class II protected birds;1 endangered species,2 vulnerable species and 3 near threatened species in IUCN Red List.This area is mainly a stopover area for migrating birds in spring and autumn and a overwintering habitat in winter.The bird diversity is closely related to the local area behind and in front of the seawall.In the long run,the restoration of tidal flat and their habitats is one of the important measures for bird diversity protection.