人工林对土壤地力的影响过程及其调控研究进展

Research Progress on Effects and Regulation of Plantation on Soil Fertility

土壤是支撑人工林健康生长的基础资源,是营养物质转化和生物多样性保护的主要场所。目前,我国人工林经营中土壤地力衰退问题突出,是制约我国林业生产可持续经营、增大生态安全屏障脆弱性的重要因素。因此,有必要深入认识和理解人工林土壤地力衰退的生物障碍形成及影响过程,同时开发保障人工林健康和初级生产力的关键调控技术。本文从土壤物理化学环境、土壤生物群落特性及功能等方面,系统论述了人工林土壤地力的维持机制,重点探讨了林龄结构、林分密度、树种类型、抚育管理方式等影响人工林地力的地下生态学过程。未来需要关注环境变化下人工林土壤理化性质与生物学性质的耦合机制,并进一步量化林木健康、土壤生物以及环境之间的互作关系模型,形成从造林配置、过程经营、症状诊断及土壤地力调控等全方位的人工林健康定向调控体系,保障人工林可持续、多目标经营。

Forest is the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem,and plays a central role in regulating terrestrial ecological balance.At present,the total amount of forest resources are insufficient,and there are increasing demands for wood,which require the development of plantations globally.Soil is the basic resource supporting the growth of plantations and the main site for nutrient transformation and biodiversity protection.To date,the decline of soil fertility has become a serious problem in plantation management in China,severely restricting the sustainable management of forestry production and leading to an increased vulnerability of ecological security barriers.Therefore,it is important to increase our understanding of the formation and impact factors of biological barriers derived from soil fertility decline in plantations and to explore key technology for modulating plantation health and primary productivity.The present study systemically discussed the mechanism of maintaining soil fertility in plantations from soil physical and chemical properties,soil biological community characteristics and functions,and probed the underground ecological processes affecting soil fertility of plantations,including forest age structure,stand density,tree species type and tending management mode.In the future,more attention should be paid to the mechanism of coupling soil's physical,chemical,and biological properties in plantations when the environment changes.Besides,it is necessary to further quantify the interaction model among tree health,soil biology and environment,and to form a comprehensive directional system of regulating plantation health through afforestation,process management,symptom diagnosis and soil fertility modulation,so as to ensure the sustainable and multi-objective management of plantations.