古建筑木结构用材树种的DNA分子鉴定方法研究

DNA Methods for Identifying Wood in Ancient Timber Architecture

古建筑木结构是自然生态与人类文明的重要载体。开展古建筑木构件树种鉴定研究,是古建筑木结构维修和保护的重要基础,同时也能加深了解古代先民掌握与利用木材资源的方式,进一步提高我们对古代人类文明的理解和认知。本研究以我国明十三陵和太庙古建筑的“楠木”构件为研究对象,通过构建包括古DNA提取、液相杂交捕获及数据分析在内的木材古DNA分子鉴定方法,实现了从古建筑木构件样品中获得高质量质体DNA基因组,覆盖度达到99.04%~99.94%,平均测序深度为17~110×;所获取DNA片段平均长度为90~138 bp,片段末端发生碱基替换,符合古DNA的典型特征;木构件样品树种鉴定为楠木(Phoebe zhennan)和细叶楠(P.hui)。本研究构建的古DNA分子鉴定方法将为古建筑木结构用材树种精准鉴定提供科技支撑。

The ancient timber architecture is an important carrier of natural ecology and human civilization.It is an important basis for the maintenance and protection of ancient timber architecture to identify wood species.Meanwhile,it also deepens the understanding of how ancient ancestors used wood resources and further improves our understanding and knowledge of ancient human civilization.In this study,the"Nanmu"components from the Ming Dynasty Tombs and the Imperial Ancestral Temple were taken as the research objects.The DNA identification method for ancient wood,including DNA extraction,hybridization capture,and DNA data analysis was established to retrieve the high-quality plasmid DNA genomes from ancient wood components,with coverage of 99.04%~99.94%and an average sequencing depth of 17~110×.The average length of the obtained DNA fragments was 90~138 bp.The base substitutions,which occurred at the end of the fragments were consistent with the typical characteristics of ancient DNA.The woodspecies of architecture components in this study were identified as Phoebe zhennan and P.hui.The ancient-DNA identification method system was constructed to provide scientific and technic support for the accurate identification of timber species used in the ancient timber architecture.