提升钢弹簧浮置板轨道稳定性的抑振调频装置研究

Research on the Vibration Suppression and Frequency Modulation Device for Improving the Stability of Steel-Spring Floating Slab Track

在轨道板上安装抑振调频装置是提高钢弹簧浮置板轨道稳定性的有效措施。基于有限元方法与车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立考虑抑振调频装置的车辆-钢弹簧浮置板轨道耦合动力学模型,计算分析抑振调频装置刚度、阻尼和预紧力3个关键参数对钢弹簧浮置板轨道自身稳定性、减振效果及行车平稳性的影响。结果表明:抑振调频装置可有效抑制浮置板轨道振动,调节轨道板固有频率;轨道板位移频响幅值随抑振调频装置刚度、阻尼的增大呈指数规律减小,受预紧力影响不明显,当刚度在0~10 kN·mm^(-1)、阻尼在0~100 kN·s·m^(-1)范围变化时,抑振调频装置的调节效果显著且易实现;增大抑振调频装置的刚度、阻尼和预紧力均可有效降低轨道系统和车辆的振动加速度,但各自的作用不同,刚度最为明显,其次是阻尼,预紧力较小;在钢弹簧浮置板轨道上设置刚度为6.5 kN·mm^(-1)、预紧力为2 kN、阻尼为60 kN·s·m^(-1)的抑振调频装置后,基底加速度较减振扣件轨道和未安装抑振调频装置的浮置板轨道分别降低了74.5%和15.6%,有效提高了轨道系统的稳定性。

The installation of the vibration frequency modulation device(VFMD) on the track slab is an effective measure to improve the stability of steel-spring floating slab track(FST).Based on the finite element method and vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory,a vehicle-FST coupled dynamics model involving VFMD is developed in this work.The influence of three key parameters,namely stiffness,damping and preload,of the VFMD,on the stability and the damping capacity of the FST,and the running stability of the train is calculated and analyzed.The results show that the VFMD can effectively suppress the vibration of the FST and adjust the natural frequency of the track slab.The frequency response amplitude for the vertical displacement of track slab decreases exponentially with the increase of stiffness and damping of the VFMD,while slightly affected by the preload.The adjustment ability of the VFMD is more obvious and easy to implement in practice when the stiffness varies from 0 to 10 kN·mm^(-1) and damping from 0 to 100 kN·s·m^(-1).The increase of stiffness,damping and preload of the VFMD can effectively reduce the accelerations of the track and the vehicle system,and the effect of each parameter differs significantly,with stiffness being the most obvious,followed by damping,and preload being smaller.When the VFMD with stiffness of 6.5 kN·mm^(-1),preload of 2 kN and damping of 60 kN·s·m^(-1) is installed on the FST,the acceleration of the track foundation is decreased by 74.5% and 15.6% compared with that for the damping fastener track and the FST respectively,without the VFMD,which effectively improves the stability of the track system.