网络博弈在智能电网供需互动策略问题中的应用

Application of network game to the supply-demand interaction strategy in smart grid

博弈理论应用于智能电网需求响应方案设计中,可以控制消费者耗电量,使电力市场中能源配置更加合理。文章给出零售商的收益函数和消费者的效用函数,并在零售商之间建立合作博弈模型、在零售商联盟与消费者之间建立Stackelberg博弈模型,分析了零售商与消费者之间的交易互动。当Stackelberg博弈达到均衡时各消费者的电力需求可以得到满足且零售商联盟实现收益最大化,同时零售商联盟的收益将依据Shapley值法进行分配。数值仿真结果表明,采用博弈均衡策略时耗电量曲线明显平缓,达到有效降低峰谷比的效果。

The application of game theory to the design of smart grid demand response scheme can control consumers′power consumption and make energy allocation in the electricity market more reasonable.By proposing the retailers′profit function and consumers′utility function,a cooperative game model between retailers and a Stackelberg game model between the retailer alliance and consumers are established,so as to analyze the interaction between retailers and consumers.When the Stackelberg game reaches equilibrium,the electricity demand of each consumer can be satisfied and the retailer alliance can maximize the profit.Meanwhile,the retailer′s alliance′s profit will be distributed according to the Shapley value method.Numerical simulation shows that the power consumption curve is obviously flat when the game equilibrium strategy is adopted,which can effectively reduce the peak-to-valley ratio.