干旱半干旱煤矿区土壤水分研究进展

Soil Water in Arid and Semi-arid Mining Areas:A Review

本文重点评述了干旱半干旱煤矿区土壤水分与生态环境效应研究进展,系统总结了土壤水分运移机理与动态模拟方法。采煤塌陷会破坏土壤含水层构造并导致地下水位下降,间接改变土壤含水率空间分布特征;露天采矿与复垦过程中机械压实导致土壤孔隙数量减少,连通性减弱,土壤水分入渗受阻;土壤重构与植被重建技术能够有效改善土壤结构,缓解土壤水分流失。在未来研究中,首先应进一步丰富势能理论体系,完善数值模拟技术并引入动态指标;其次应结合干旱半干旱煤矿区环境的特殊性,加强土壤水分运移规律及其机理研究;最后应基于土壤–植被–水分间耦合关系优化调控措施,促进干旱半干旱煤矿区复垦与生态修复。

In this paper,the research progresses on soil moisture and ecological environment effects in the arid and semi-arid coal mining areas are reviewed,and soil moisture transport mechanism and dynamic simulation methods are systematically summarized.The results show that coal mining collapse destroys soil aquifer structure and deepens the groundwater level,indirectly changing the spatial distribution of soil water content;mechanical compaction during surface mining and reclamation reduces the number and connectivity of soil pores,which prevents soil water infiltration;and soil reconstruction and revegetation techniques can effectively improve soil structure and alleviate soil water loss.It is suggested that future research should be strengthened on the following aspects:Firstly,the potential energy theory system should be further enhanced,and dynamic indicators should be added to numerical simulation methodologies;Secondly,given the special characteristics of the arid and semi-arid coal mining environment,soil moisture migration law and its underlying mechanism should be reinforced;Thirdly,the control measures should be optimized based on the coupling relationship between soil-vegetation-moisture to promote reclamation and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid coal mining areas.